Improving Battery Design with Electro-Thermal Modeling

Bharathan, D.; Pesaran, A.; Vlahinos, Andreas; Kim, G.-H.

doi:10.1109/vppc.2005.1554584

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Efforts to improve the safety and reliability are accelerating. Some of these efforts include finding more suitable materials [7], developing innovative designs [8], and incorporating controls in the battery operation [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal runaway due to symmetry breaking in parallel-connected battery cells

Feng

Zhang

2013

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARY A battery energy system consists of networks of cells. This paper considers the coupling among the cells that are connected in parallel. Cells are designed to react uniformly in response to charging and discharging. We study the possible occurrence of symmetry breaking when small perturbation leads to further deviation from uniform responses. By including coupling among the cells to the existing battery models, we formulate a dynamical system governing the rate of change of thermal and electrical quantities of the cells. Limited numerical solution using fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method was carried out, and stability criteria are obtained from algebraic analysis. The results show that a much more stringent effort in thermal management is required to prevent thermal runaway initiated by cells interacting with each other due to asymmetric perturbations. The increased heat transfer between the two cells serves to offset the undesirable effect of the parallel connection, but the stabilizing effect could be greatly compromised if the cell incorporates three parallel units as in some commercial Li‐ion battery cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal runaway due to symmetry breaking in parallel-connected battery cells

Feng

Zhang

2013

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…Further studies have shown a relatively uniform surface temperature distribution in a three cell system when cooling was present; however, mild heterogeneities were visible when the cooling was removed [53]. The research was then expanded to aid model development and battery design by Bharathan et al [54] who charted the development of battery stacking technology by comparing the temperature distribution on two generations of power systems using similar cells, with a new method showing significantly more homogeneous temperature distribution and a lower overall operating temperature for the same discharge rate. [48] to investigate the surface temperature of Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Single Frame Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Imaging of Electrochemical Power Systems: A Review

2016

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The performance and durability of electrochemical power systems are determined by a complex interdependency of many complex and interrelated factors, temperature and heat transfer being particularly important. This has led to an increasing interest in the use of thermal imaging to understand both the fundamental phenomena and effects of operation on the temperature distribution and dynamics in these systems. This review describes the application thermal imaging and related techniques to the study of electrochemical power systems with the primary focus on fuel cells and batteries. Potential opportunities and directions for future research are also highlighted, indicating the wide scope for further insights to be gleaned using infrared thermal imaging techniques.

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“…This shows the need of thermal models of the battery packs which helps designing a more effective battery management system. These thermal effects are being investigated in laboratories like National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and results can be found in their reports [21,22,23].…”

Section: Thermal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EV and PHEV Battery Technologies

Williamson

2013

Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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It is well-known today that batteries are indeed the main stumbling block to driving electric vehicles. In fact, the common issues related to lithium rechargeable cells can be summed up by one simple topic: cell equalization. Typically, a battery of a HEV consists of a long string of cells (typically 100 cells, providing a total of about 360 V), where each cell is not exactly equal to the others, in terms of capacity and internal resistance, because of normal dispersion during manufacturing. However, the most viable solution for this problem might not originate from mere changes in battery properties. The aim of this chapter is, first, to explain the role of power electronics based battery cell voltage equalizers and their role in improving cycle life, calendar life, power, and overall safety of EV/HEV battery energy storage systems.It is imperative that most studies related to energy storage systems (ESS) for HEV applications must follow a cost-conscious approach. For instance, taking into account that typical lithium batteries cost about $500/kWh [1] (or $250/kWh [2,3], if manufactured in high volumes), a typical 16 kWh battery, which provides about 80 km (50 miles) autonomy to a small vehicle (simulated and tested under the Federal Test Procedure, FTP driving pattern). This amounts to a surcharge of about $5,000 over the price of a standard vehicle, exceeding the reasonable budget for an medium consumer.Moreover, issues related to cycle life and the calendar life issues cannot be ignored. Depending on the intensity of usage, an average cobalt or manganese cathode Li-ion battery holds about 500 cycles of 80 % the capacity, before losing 20 % of its initial capacity [4]. If the battery is replaced at that point and the cost of electricity is added, the expenses rise to $0.1/km. Consequently, the existing scheme makes the EV option more expensive than the traditional gasoline based vehicle. Considering newer batteries based on lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) chemistries, these numbers are slightly better, withstanding 1,000 cycles on current S. S. Williamson, Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles,

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Improving Battery Design with Electro-Thermal Modeling

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Thermal runaway due to symmetry breaking in parallel-connected battery cells

Thermal runaway due to symmetry breaking in parallel-connected battery cells

Thermal Imaging of Electrochemical Power Systems: A Review

EV and PHEV Battery Technologies

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