Improving Cognitive Performance in Psychogeriatric Patients: The Influence of Physical Exercise

Diesfeldt, Han; Diesfeldt-Groenendijk, Herma

doi:10.1093/ageing/6.1.58

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…2 Specific cognitive effects of exercise for PWD include increase in mental status, 5,18 improved word fluency, 19 and increased free-recall and recognition performance. 20 The types of exercise forms tested include mobility and endurance exercises, isotonic and isometric exercises, endurance-seated exercises, light aerobic exercises, and range of motion and resistance exercises. 2 A growing body of research supports the positive benefits of exercise on physical outcomes in PWD.…”

Section: Background Effects Of Exercise On Cognitive Physical and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on Outcomes of Persons With Early-Stage Dementia

Burgener

Yang

Gilbert³

et al. 2008

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

149

219

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Theories supporting the existence of a use-dependent neuroplasticity in the older brain were used to guide this pilot study. A repeated-measures randomized design was used to test the effectiveness of a multimodal (Taiji exercises, cognitive-behavioral therapies, support group) intervention on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, and behavioral outcomes in persons with dementia. The treatment group (n = 24 persons with dementia) participated in a 40-week intervention, with outcomes assessed at 20 and 40 weeks to assess optimal treatment length. Control group subjects (n = 19 persons with dementia) received attention-control educational programs. At 20 weeks, differences between groups were found for mental ability and self-esteem, with gains in balance being evident. Also, stability in depression and physical health were evident at 20 and 40 weeks for treatment group subjects. Continued improvement in outcomes was not observed at 40 weeks. However, findings support further testing of the intervention along with potential for achieving positive outcomes in early-stage dementia.Keywords multimodal intervention; Taiji exercises; randomized design; cognition; balance Persons with dementia (PWD) experience progressive loss of cognitive, physical, and functional ability beyond that accounted for by normal aging processes. 1 Nonpharmacological interventions initiated early in the disease have the potential to improve outcomes, including cognition and functional ability. Functional status could be improved with exercise, but exercise interventions are rarely recommended for PWD, despite a large body of evidence showing the efficacy of exercise. 2 Studies supporting the effects of exercise on cognitive function have been conducted primarily in institutional settings and with persons at later disease stages. [2][3][4][5] Cognitive therapies have also been tested extensively in PWD with consistent improvements in cognitive outcomes that are comparable to drug trials. 6,7 Support programs, such as support groups, have been used with PWD for over a decade, although systematic studies of the benefits of support programs are lacking. Few studies, however, have tested multimodal interventions that combine exercise, cognitive therapies, and support programs for persons in the early to early-middle stages of NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript dementia. 8 The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and the effects of a multimodal intervention (Taiji exercise, cognitive therapies, and support group) on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, and behavioral outcomes of PWD. The research questions guiding this pilot study included 1. What are the effects of a multimodal intervention (Taiji exercise, cognitivebehavioral therapies [CBT], and support group) on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, and behavioral outcomes of PWD compared with PWD not receiving the intervention? It was hypothesized that the treatment group would show improved cognitive fun...

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Section: Background Effects Of Exercise On Cognitive Physical and Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on Outcomes of Persons With Early-Stage Dementia

Burgener

Yang

Gilbert³

et al. 2008

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

149

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Early experimental studies regarding the eVects of physical exercise on neuropsychological function in older persons (Diesfeldt and Diesfeldt-Groenendijk 1977;Molloy et al 1988) and recent meta-analyses of experimental studies (Colcombe and Kramer 2003;Heyn et al 2004) revealed, that physical activity not only increases strength, physical Wtness and functional performance, but also results in improvements in cognitive functions. Various Wndings of neurophysiological research suggest that mental and physical activities enhance synaptic connections between the brain cells and neuronal plasticity (Bennett et al 1996;Spatz 1996), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective

et al. 2006

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The present study evaluates the eVect of cognitive training, of psychoeducational training and of physical training on cognitive functioning, physical functioning, physical health, independent living and wellbeing in older people. Also the combination of physical training with cognitive training or psychoeducational training, respectively, was evaluated. In contrast to most training studies with older people, training eVects were evaluated in a longitudinal perspective over 5 years to analyse long-term-results of cognitive and physical activity on older adults. Training eVects were evaluated compared to a no-treatment-control group. Subjects were 375 community residents aged 75-93 years. Up to 5 years after baseline examination, signiWcant training eVects were observed in the group exposed to the combined cognitive and physical training. The physical and cognitive status in the participants of this group could be preserved on a higher level compared to baseline, and the participants displayed fewer depressive symptoms than the notreatment-control group. The results are discussed in the light of recent research regarding the eVects of mental and physical activity on brain function in older adults.

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“…Nonaerobic group training interventions, including stretching, balance and coordination activities performed in a game context have been shown to improve working memory in a group of nursing home residents with various diagnoses [40] and in AD [41]. Additionally, yoga has been found to improve selective attention in middle- in animals were identified.…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, aerobic exercise was shown to be more effective than non-aerobic exercise in all studies comparing the two, but some studies on elderly individuals with AD demonstrated that non-aerobic exercise (i.e., movement therapy) may have more of an effect on cognition than no exercise [40,41]. Obviously, studies using healthy adults were more likely of higher intensity exercise and studies involving the elderly and/or neurologicallydisabled patients were more likely to use lowerintensity or non-aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Translational Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relating motor and cognitive interventions in animals and humans

Carruthers¹,

Zampieri²,

Damiano³

2014

Translational Neuroscience

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Cognition and motor performance are essential components of human functioning. Recent research has provided evidence that these two domains are more interrelated than previously thought. This is a potentially important area of research with many questions that warrant further exploration and have practical implications to the field of neurological rehabilitation. In this review of literature we included animals and humans in healthy conditions as well as pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system. Our primary goal was to comprehensively review the relevant basic science and clinical literature on the e ects of motor interventions on cognitive function and vice versa. We found more evidence supporting positive effects of exercise on cognition than effects of cognitive training on motor function. In addition, we examined the extent to which findings from animal literature have been or can be translated to humans. We found that, with the exception of one study in monkeys, most animal studies which investigate rodents are somewhat challenging to translate to human studies, independent of the intervention employed. It is difficult to find a human parallel to exercise in rodents, because both the voluntary and forced exercise paradigms used in rodents happen in a di erent context than humans. In addition it is difficult to find an animal parallel to cognitive training in humans, because the environmental enrichment intervention cannot be considered "purely" cognitive stimulation as it also involves sensory, motor and social components. We conclude the review by suggesting avenues for future research and intervention strategies.

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Improving Cognitive Performance in Psychogeriatric Patients: The Influence of Physical Exercise

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on Outcomes of Persons With Early-Stage Dementia

The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on Outcomes of Persons With Early-Stage Dementia

Differential effects of single versus combined cognitive and physical training with older adults: the SimA study in a 5-year perspective

Relating motor and cognitive interventions in animals and humans

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