“…CL is also predictive to learners' literary development (Kirschner, 2004), leading learners to be open-minded about diversities, and supporting learners' equity (Loes, Culver, & Trolian, 2018;Shah & Lewis, 2019). Furthermore, an array of studies have revealed evidence that CL has a positive effect on the improvement of learners' critical thinking skills (Hunaidah, Susantini, Wasis, Prahani, & Mahdiannur, 2018;Kusumawati, Hobri, & Hadi, 2019;Lee, Kim, & Kim, 2014;Saiz Sanchez, Fernandez Rivas, & Olivares Moral, 2015;Sulisworo & Syarif, 2018). Some experts, to name a few Abrami et al (2008); Howard, Tang, and Austin, 2015;and Ünsar and Engin (2013), define critical thinking skills as thinking processes done by making use of one's knowledge and reflective experiences as maximally as possible.…”