“…In recent years, with the "affective turn" in SLA (Pavlenko, 2013), the emotional factors involved in language learning have gradually become a new research trend (Li, 2021). Beyond extensive research on learning anxiety (Tsang, 2022), self-confidence (Kumar et al, 2022), and motivation (Liu, 2022), researchers have also focused on other positive emotions in L2 classrooms, such as enjoyment (Dewaele & Macintyre, 2014), emotional engagement (Mercer & Dornyei, 2020), and grit (Jalilzadeh et al, 2022;Wang, 2023) in language classrooms. In contrast, except the research focus on anxiety, there is not much discussion on other negative emotions in the language learning process and their deleterious effects on learners' language gains.…”