Improving mechanical and physical properties of ultra-thick carbon nanotube fiber by fast swelling and stretching process

Lee, Dong-Myeong; Park, Junbeom; Lee, Jaegeun; Lee, Sung-Hyun; Kim, Shin‐Hyun; Kim, Seung Min; Jeong, Hyeon Su

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.068

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Only for a few cases reported so far have undoped CNT materials exceeded even 1 MS m −1 . [ 25,26,27,168,174–176 ]…”

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 218 ] Similar results were also later obtained with the same degree of stretching and de‐doping. [ 176 ] It is likely that CNT fibers directly extracted from FC‐CVD reactors (DS‐CNT) will always require similar post‐processing to further align, densify, and dope the CNT assembly in order to be competitive with acid‐extruded material (SS‐CNT). [ 28,60 ]…”

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 12,207,328 ] It is possible the intrinsic properties are from the individual CNT, although in this report and elsewhere [ 218,329 ] we have discussed the bundle as the limiting intrinsic element. We note that only a handful of CNT fiber papers [ 25–27,168,174–176 ] have approached the conductivity of single‐crystal graphite in the undoped state. While other papers [ 170,181 ] have shown improved conductivity with longer CNT length and higher aspect ratio, it is possible that other factors, such as bundle diameter, may still limit the transport in many CNT materials.…”

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta‐Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials

2021

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A study of 1304 data points collated over 266 papers statistically evaluates the relationships between carbon nanotube (CNT) material characteristics, including: electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties; ampacity; density; purity; microstructure alignment; molecular dimensions and graphitic perfection; and doping. Compared to conductive polymers and graphitic intercalation compounds, which have exceeded the electrical conductivity of copper, CNT materials are currently one‐sixth of copper's conductivity, mechanically on‐par with synthetic or carbon fibers, and exceed all the other materials in terms of a multifunctional metric. Doped, aligned few‐wall CNTs (FWCNTs) are the most superior CNT category; from this, the acid‐spun fiber subset are the most conductive, and the subset of fibers directly spun from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition are strongest on a weight basis. The thermal conductivity of multiwall CNT material rivals that of FWCNT materials. Ampacity follows a diameter‐dependent power‐law from nanometer to millimeter scales. Undoped, aligned FWCNT material reaches the intrinsic conductivity of CNT bundles and single‐crystal graphite, illustrating an intrinsic limit requiring doping for copper‐level conductivities. Comparing an assembly of CNTs (forming mesoscopic bundles, then macroscopic material) to an assembly of graphene (forming single‐crystal graphite crystallites, then carbon fiber), the ≈1 µm room‐temperature, phonon‐limited mean‐free‐path shared between graphene, metallic CNTs, and activated semiconducting CNTs is highlighted, deemphasizing all metallic helicities for CNT power transmission applications.

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“…Only for a few cases reported so far have undoped CNT materials exceeded even 1 MS m −1 . [ 25,26,27,168,174–176 ]…”

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrinsic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Meta‐Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials

2021

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“…Dissolution and dispersion occur when the delocalized positive charge induces a repulsive force between CNTs to counteract the van der Waals forces. The CNT alignment is further enhanced by the stretching process described below [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorosulfonic Acid Stretched Carbon Nanotube Sheet for Flexible and Low-Voltage Heating Applications

et al. 2021

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The carbon nanotube (CNT) is celebrated for its electrothermal property, which indicates the capability of a material to transform electrical energy into heat due to the Joule effect. The CNT nanostructure itself, as a one-dimensional material, limits the electron conduction path, thereby creating a unique heating phenomenon. In this work, we explore the possible correlation between CNT alignment in sheets and heating performance. The alignment of carbon nanotubes is induced by immersion and stretching in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) solution. The developed CSA-stretched CNT sheet demonstrated excellent heating performance with a fast response rate of 6.5 °C/s and reached 180 °C in less than 30 s under a low voltage of 2.5 V. The heating profile of the stretched CNT sheet remained stable after bending and twisting movements, making it a suitable heating material for wearable devices, heatable smart windows, and in de-icing or defogging applications. The specific strength and specific conductance of the CSA-stretched CNT sheet also increased five- and two-fold, respectively, in comparison to the pristine CNT sheet.

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“…[27] Even though the reported mechanical performances surpass those of solution-spinning CNTFs, superior performance seems only achievable on very thin CNTFs (linear density 0.05 tex), while those of thick CNTFs are much degraded, even poorer than raw thin CNTFs. [28] The achieved density is limited to less than 1.1 g cm −3 , indicating potential for further enhancement to the theoretical density of ideally compacted CNTs bundles (1.54 g cm −3 ). [22,29] Meanwhile, CSA appears to have competing effects, facilitating rearrangement while hindering the load transfer within CNTFs in internal regions where remnant CSA screens vdW forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Enhanced Tenacity, Rupture Work, and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes Fibers by Increasing the Effective Tube Contribution

Zhang¹,

Volder²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are superior as constituents to polymer chains, the mechanical and thermal properties of CNT fibers (CNTFs) remain inferior to commercial synthetic fibers due to the lack of synthesis methods to embed CNTs effectively in superstructures. The application of conventional techniques for mechanical enhancement resulted in a mild improvement of target properties while achieving parity at best on others. In this work, a Double-Drawing technique is developed to deform continuously grown CNTFs and rearrange the constituent CNTs in both mesoscale and nanoscale morphology. Consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting CNTFs can be jointly improved, and simultaneously reach their highest performances with specific strength (tenacity) ∼ 3.30 N tex −1 , work of rupture ∼ 70 J g −1 , and thermal conductivity ∼ 354 W m −1 K −1 , despite starting from commercial low-crystallinity materials (I G : I D ∼ 5). The processed CNTFs are more versatile than comparable carbon fiber, Zylon, Dyneema, and Kevlar. Furthermore, based on evidence of load transfer efficiency on individual CNTs measured with In-Situ Stretching Raman, we find the main contributors to property enhancements are (1) the increased proportion of load-bearing CNT bundles and (2) the extension of effective length of tubes attached on these bundles.

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Improving mechanical and physical properties of ultra-thick carbon nanotube fiber by fast swelling and stretching process

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

A Meta‐Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials

A Meta‐Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials

Chlorosulfonic Acid Stretched Carbon Nanotube Sheet for Flexible and Low-Voltage Heating Applications

Simultaneously Enhanced Tenacity, Rupture Work, and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes Fibers by Increasing the Effective Tube Contribution

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