Improving quality of care and timely access to radiation therapy for patients with invasive cervical cancer at the National Cancer Institute Paraguay

Jacobson, Geraldine M.; Chuang, Linus; Pankow, M

doi:10.1016/j.gore.2018.06.006

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A compromised immune system and increased risk of HPV infection lowers the number of individuals that have been successfully treated in this population (25). The cancer burden in developing countries such as Swaziland is increased due to late diagnosis, advanced stages of HIV and HPV infections when the cancer is diagnosed, lack or inaccessibility of treatment, lack of treatment facilities, and logistic and cultural obstacles to treatment (28), which result in poor prognosis (14).…”

Section: Cervical Cancer Incidence In Low-to Middle-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV-associated cervical cancer incidence is predicted to gradually increase in LMICs for the next 10 years ( 137 ). Despite the incidence of cervical cancer in many LMICs being lower than in many developed countries, the cancer burden in LMICs is increasing due to the advanced stage at diagnosis and inaccessible treatment ( 28 ). Thus, immediate action in the public and global health sectors is advised ( 2 , 138 ).…”

Section: Prevention and Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

et al. 2020

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Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour that occurs in the cervix and is classified into two histological types, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); SCC is more common and accounts for 70% of all cases. In 2018 there were ~569,000 new cases of cervical cancer diagnosed worldwide and ~311,000 deaths were attributed to cervical cancer. Of these, between 84 and 90% occurred in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa, India, China and Brazil. The most common cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection caused by the sexually transmitted human papilloma virus. Other factors that contribute to the incidence of cervical cancer include geography, traditional practices and beliefs, the screening levels, socioeconomic status, healthcare access, public awareness, use of oral contraceptives, smoking and co-infection with HIV. An estimated 11 million women from LMICs will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in the next 10-20 years. The aim of this review was to explore various types of genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the development, progression or suppression of cervical cancer. Contents

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Section: Cervical Cancer Incidence In Low-to Middle-income Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Diagnosis Of Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

et al. 2020

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“…The cells in adenocarcinoma may show nuclear elongation, multinucleation and darkening. When the basement membrane is broken, and abnormal cells are found in the stroma, this is termed invasive adenocarcinoma [24,34,35,36].…”

Section: Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix at the Buea regional hospital- Cameroon

Tassang¹,

Brady²,

Akintunde³

et al. 2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The ectocervix is the part of the uterus which plunges into the apex of the vagina. A stratified squamous epithelium covers it. The endocervical canal, which establishes communication between the vagina and the endometrial cavity, is paved with a mucous secreting glandular epithelium. Because of the acidity of the vagina, these two epithelia undergo metaplasia. Some oncogenic factors do ignite instead of dysplasia. CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 correspond to the premalignant transformation of 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of these epithelia from the basal membrane. Invasive Cancer is when the latter is broken, and there is a penetration of the stroma by the malignant cells. Methodology: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to establish the prevalence of various cervical malignancies at the Buea regional hospital. The registry of the pathology department was used. The study spanned from the 8th of March 2017 to the 16th of March 2021. Results: The different cervical cancer types found were squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and non-Hodgkin cervical cancer or lymphoma of the cervix. Their respective percentages were 73%, 20.7%, 5.4% and 0.9%. Conclusion: Four different types of cancers were found in this study. Their prevalence was for squamous cell carcinoma (73%), small cell carcinoma (20.7%), adenocarcinoma (5.4%), and non-Hodgkin carcinoma of the cervix (0.9%).

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“…Cervical cancer is five times more common in Africa than in the United States of America and other developed countries. Locally advanced cervical cancer, the current most commonly occurring state of the disease in Africa, cannot be cured without intracavitary brachytherapy [7, 18]. It, therefore, becomes mandatory that cancer treatment facilities in sub-Saharan Africa be planned with brachytherapy facilities in mind.…”

Section: Setting Up Radiotherapy Treatment Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy treatment in cancer control and its important role in Africa

Ndlovu¹

2019

ecancer

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Radiotherapy, although an essential and cost-effective treatment for cancer, has a low uptake on the African continent. Common cancers treated in the region need radiotherapy as a component of therapy at some point in the course of the management of their disease. Within Africa, around half of the countries have no radiotherapy services and most of those that have cannot adequately cover the population which needs them. To redress inequitable access, advocacy at all levels is needed for acceptance of radiotherapy and the important role it plays in cancer control. The relatively high cost of setting up radiotherapy services needs to be balanced with the long-term benefits of having a well-proven treatment modality that can be accessible to a large number of cancer patients at reasonable cost. Low healthcare funding in the region is a possible hindrance to access to radiotherapy. Consideration of the appropriateness of technology to be procured when setting up such facilities is important. It should not, however, be simply a case of gamma versus photon teletherapy. The level of training of staff, quality evidence-based treatment provision and infrastructural considerations need to be taken into account. Where facilities are available, low radiotherapy utilisation rates are common and should be corrected. Good practice regarding quality assurance is important. Local research to test regional and adopted practices should be promoted to provide local evidence. Conclusions With an imminent cancer epidemic, the scarcity of radiotherapy facilities in Africa is a cause for concern. The measures to correct this should include a multipronged approach that addresses specific needs for individual countries. Radiotherapy is an essential, cost-effective treatment for cancer and its availability must be given priority alongside the management interventions for other common diseases and conditions.

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Improving quality of care and timely access to radiation therapy for patients with invasive cervical cancer at the National Cancer Institute Paraguay

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries (Review)

Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix at the Buea regional hospital- Cameroon

Radiotherapy treatment in cancer control and its important role in Africa

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