“…Internal factors of students include health problems, disabilities, psychological factors (intelligence, interest in learning, attention, talent, motivation, maturity and readiness of students), and fatigue factors (Nurdin, 2019;Qomariyah, 2020;Yuanta, 2020). Meanwhile, external factors that influence student learning processes and outcomes include family, school and community factors (Angga et al, 2020;Devi & Sudarma, 2023;Garad et al, 2021).…”