Improving the energy efficiency of freight in the United States through commodity-based analysis: justification and implementation

Vanek, Francis; Morlok, E K

doi:10.1016/s1361-9209(99)00021-8

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…to reduce empty running, get better transport content and transport efficiency, and to achieve the suitable mix of vehicles used, in line with the measures suggested by Kamakaté and Schipper (2009) and Vanek and Campbell (1999). We also agree, as suggested by Vanek and Morlok (2000), that authorities should develop these measures paying special attention to those commodity groups that have revealed bad behaviours in the real energy intensity index. In relation to the structural index, the commodity groups which are more energy intensive in their transport should reduce their share in road freight.…”

Section: Transport Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 79%

“…They note the growth in length and complexity of supply chains as the main driver of increasing freight energy consumption and also identify some of the determinants of energy intensity such as the mix of vehicles used and average payload. Vanek and Morlok (2000) investigate the change in energy consumption in freight transport in the United States disaggregated by commodities and transport modes. They suggest that the techniques based on modal transport will not reverse the rapidly growing energy use in the US freight transport, and conclude that a commoditybased approach is needed to make mode-based techniques more effective and to introduce new techniques, such as length of haul of the total demand for tonne-kilometre of freight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy intensity in road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles in Spain

Andrés

Padilla

2015

Energy Policy

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We examine energy intensity of Spanish road freight transport over 1996-2012. We employ single-period and chained multi-period multiplicative LMDI-II decomposition. Energy intensity reduction is explained by the change in real energy intensity index. This is partially offset by the behaviour of the structural index. The attribution of Divisia indices changes gives the contribution of each commodity. a b s t r a c tThis paper examines the factors that have influenced the energy intensity trend of the Spanish road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles over the period 1996-2012. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of these factors and to inform the design of measures to improve energy efficiency in road freight transport. The paper uses both annual single-period and chained multi-period multiplicative LMDI-II decomposition analysis. The results suggest that the decrease in the energy intensity of Spanish road freight in the period is explained by the change in the real energy intensity index (lower energy consumption per tonne-kilometre transported), which is partially offset by the behaviour of the structural index (greater share in freight transport of those commodities the transportation of which is more energy intensive). The change in energy intensity is analysed in more depth by quantifying the contribution of each commodity through the attribution of changes in Divisia indices.

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Section: Transport Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intensity in road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles in Spain

Andrés

Padilla

2015

Energy Policy

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“…The fundamental factors thus far described may vary depending on the industrial sector considered (Pimentel et al, 2004), the nature of the product distribution operation (Ang-Olson & Schroeer, 2002;Browne et al, 2005), the type of freight transported (Vanek & Campbell, 1999;Vanek & Morlok, 2000) and the type of vehicle used (Saari et al, 2007;Saricks et al, 2003). This study analyses the data for the freight transport sector as a whole, which includes both road and rail.…”

Section: Fundamental Factors That Influence External Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain

Pérez-Martínez

Vassallo²

2013

Research in Transportation Economics

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a b s t r a c tThis paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate).

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“…lesser cost provided that the transported distance is large enough, as well as lesser environmental impact (Vanek and Morlok 2000;Taylor et al 2001;Gorman 2007;Janic 2007;Janic 2008;Kreutzberger 2008;Dekker et al 2009;Macharis et al 2010). Indeed, the environment is the final factor considered.…”

Section: Influences On Modal Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Choice between Road and Multimodal Transportation

Heljedal¹

2013

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on-sustainable transportation is a great part of the stress that human activities put on the environment. Road transportation constituted 74% of the total inland tonne-kilometres in the EU during 2009, to be compared to rail transportation at 15%. In Sweden the numbers are slightly more in favour of rail transportation, but still a small share despite the fact that the European Committee promotes sustainable modes of transport. To reduce the environmental impact from the transport sector, and be able to promote the use of sustainable transport modes, it is important to gain an understanding of why the modal balance is disposed this way. By case studies and a survey, four factors, viz costs, environmental impact, attitudes and risks, and their impact on the choice of mode of transportation for companies located in the vicinity of a rail terminal are studied.The results clearly show that the environmental impact of rail transportation is only a fraction of that of the road transportation and could possibly influence the choice of rail transportation in a positive way. However, rail transportation is less cost efficient, flexible and reliable and these aspects -despite the advantageous conditions in terms of infrastructure and geographical vicinity to a rail terminalcontribute to a negative bias towards rail transportation among companies in the study. Thus, the cost and attitudes factors counteract the choice of rail transportation. In addition, risks, as the final factor, also counteracts the choice, since it is found that respondents consider the risks of disturbances such as delays, theft and accidents to be important when considering mode of transportation and that rail transportation is viewed as lacking compared to road transportation.This thesis contributes to the existing theory about the costs-related issues and the environmental impact of rail transportation, as well as how companies with beneficial conditions to employ rail transportation consider the mode with regards to e.g. reliability and safety, and how these factors influence the modal choice among buyers of transportation services that are located close to a rail terminal. With this knowledge, policymakers are informed of which areas to concentrate taxes, subsidizations and information to. These things are in all probability necessary if a large scale modal shift is desired. The contribution of the effect a modal shift could have on the environmental impact of the transportation might make certain practitioners that compete on a market where a low environmental footprint is a strong competitive weapon to rethink their modal choice. N iii ivPopulärvetenskaplig sammanfattning et är lätt att föreställa sig en renare värld. En värld där ingen hostar på grund av avgaser, där sot inte täcker husväggar eller förmörkar himlen. En värld där gräset är grönare och där vackra, snötyngda vinterskogar inte är en syn hotad av ett varmare klimat. Det är inte alls lika lätt att tänka sig en värld utan lastbilarstransporter. Men att minska antalet lastbil...

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Improving the energy efficiency of freight in the United States through commodity-based analysis: justification and implementation

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Energy intensity in road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles in Spain

Energy intensity in road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles in Spain

Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain

Factors Influencing the Choice between Road and Multimodal Transportation

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