Improving the energy storage capability of hot water tanks through wall material specification

Armstrong, Peter; Ager, Duane; Thompson, Ian P.; McCulloch, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.09.061

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, experimental data from solar storage tanks were compared with different numerical solutions in [30], [31]. In this context, 1D models are not able to adequately characterize flow structure [1] and current numerical studies are mainly two-dimensional [32]- [35]. Otherwise 3D approaches can provide more accurate and realistic results [36]- [38].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple inlet devices and their influence on thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank

Moncho-Esteve

Gasque

González-Altozano

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

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Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple inlet devices and their influence on thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank

Moncho-Esteve

Gasque

González-Altozano

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

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“…This phenomenon has been previously studied by other researchers [36], [37]. Armstrong et.al [38] investigated the influence of the wall material specification on de-stratification and showed that thermal conduction of the wall material has a strong influence on this. Cruickshank et.al [37] formulated the energy balance equation when there are no flows entering or exiting the tank:…”

Section: Water Storage Tank Modellingmentioning

confidence: 69%

Off-design performance modelling of a solar organic Rankine cycle integrated with pressurized hot water storage unit for community level application

Kutlu

et al. 2018

Energy Conversion and Management

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Solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has advantages over common PV systems in view of the flexible operation even if solar radiation is unavailable. However, at present the dynamic performance of solar ORC with respect to the off-design behaviour of storage unit, expander, pump and heat exchanger is rarely reported. This paper investigates a medium-temperature solar ORC system characterized by evacuated flat-plate collectors and pressurised water storage unit. The main aim of the study is to investigate the performance of the system with consideration of transient behaviour of the thermal storage unit which results in off-design operation of other components. The other aim is adjusting the power output according to electricity demand throughout a day. The heat storage unit is analysed using one-dimensional temperature distribution model. A transient simulation model is developed including pump and expander models. To meet the electrical demands of different periods, the mass flow rate of heat source is adjusted for controlling the evaporation temperature. Moreover, sliding pressure operation control strategy of the ORC is implemented to meet variable heat source temperature. A 550 m 2 solar collector area and a 4 meters diameter and 7 meters height pressurized water cylinder are used in simulation. Produced work is controlled and the results are matched with the demands. Produced work from the expander under the given conditions are 47.11 kWh in day time, 70.97 kWh in peak period and 31.59 kWh after midnight.

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“…Water heating with EWHs contributes to 34 % of residential electric energy consumption, which can be reduced with the use of smart EWH controllers (SECs) (de la Rue du Can et al, 2013). Based on known hot water demand patterns, individualised heating schedules and temperature set points can be used by SECs to reduce energy consumption due to water heating without affecting user comfort (Kepplinger et al, 2016;Booysen and Cloete, 2016;Jack et al, 2018;Armstrong et al, 2014). Widespread use of SECs can decrease the strain on the electricity supply grid through peak shaving by implementing demand-side management, which schedules when EWH heating elements can be active, while taking consumer comfort and hot water demand into account (Jack et al, 2018;Roux et al, 2017Roux et al, , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive estimation of domestic hot water usage with temperature and vibration sensors

Pirow

Louw

Booysen

2018

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation

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Electric water heaters are responsible for a large portion of electricity consumption and water usage in the domestic sector. Smart water heaters alleviate the strain on the electricity supply grid and reduce water consumption through behavioural change, but the installation of in-line flow meters is inconvenient and expensive. A non-invasive water flow meter is proposed as an alternative . Non-invasive flow measurement is more common for high flow rates in the industrial sector than for domestic applications. Various non-invasive water measurement methods are investigated in the context of domestic hot water, and a combination of thermal-and vibration-sensing is proposed. The proposed solution uses inexpensive, easily installable, noninvasive sensors and a novel algorithm to provide the same flow measurement accuracy as existing in-line meters. The algorithm detects the beginning and end of water consumption events with an accuracy of 95.6 %. Quantitative flow rate estimation was possible for flow rates greater than 5 L min −1 with an accuracy of 89 %, while volumetric usage estimation had an accuracy of more than 93 %. The algorithm limitations were applied to field data, revealing that water consumption could be detected with an error of less than 12 % within the limitations of the proposed algorithm. The paper presents a successful proof of concept for a non-invasive alternative to domestic hot water flow rate measurement.

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Improving the energy storage capability of hot water tanks through wall material specification

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

Simple inlet devices and their influence on thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank

Simple inlet devices and their influence on thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank

Off-design performance modelling of a solar organic Rankine cycle integrated with pressurized hot water storage unit for community level application

Non-invasive estimation of domestic hot water usage with temperature and vibration sensors

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