Improving therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole against fungal keratitis: Thermo-sensitive in situ gels as ophthalmic drug carriers

In vitro–in vivo evaluation of tetrahydrozoline‐loaded ocular in situ gels on rabbits for allergic conjunctivitis management

“…The preparation of in situ gels was performed by the dissolution of specific amounts of 407 as well as 188 in aqueous medium via magnetically stirring (Üstündağ Okur et al, 2019; Üstündaǧ‐Okur, Yoltas, & Yozgatli, 2016). Then, the optimal in situ gels were chosen based on their pH values and gelation temperatures.…”

“…The drug‐loaded formulation was developed by dissolving THZ, BZC (as a preservative [0.02%w/w]) as well as sodium chloride (for isotonicity [0.9%w/w]) in aqueous solutions of P407 and P188. (Üstündağ Okur et al, 2019). The formulation code and components of ocular in situ gels are shown in Table 1.…”

“…Then, the plates were incubated at 35 °C for bacteria and 25 °C for fungi for 2 weeks. The growth promotion test of aerobes, anaerobes, and fungi was carried out at 35 °C for 2 days, using fluid thioglycollate media which was inoculated with 100 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 19404, and Candida albicans ATCC 1023 (Üstündağ Okur et al, 2019).…”

“…To avoid the aforementioned side effects and improve the therapeutic efficacy the paradigm of thermosensitive drug delivery systems has been proposed (Ranch et al, 2019; Sapino et al, 2019; Üstündağ Okur, Yozgatlı, Okur, Yoltaş, & Siafaka, 2019). The thermosensitive drug delivery systems as the in situ gels, change their form from liquid to solid due to temperature changes (Khan, Aqil, Ameeduzzafar, Imam, & Ali, 2015; Ranch et al, 2019).…”

“…Situ gels, which can undergo gelation due to physiological conditions exposure such as temperature or pH, could be of the most ideal formulations for various diseases (Irimia et al, 2018). A variety of synthetic or natural macromolecules are applied to form in situ gels (Üstündağ Okur et al, 2019).…”