Impulse discharge from flocculus Purkinje cells of alert rabbits during visual stimulation combined with horizontal head rotation

Ghelarducci, Brunello; Ito, Masao; Yagi, Nobuya

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90780-5

Cited by 222 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Very often an increase in the firing rate of the complex spike is accompanied by a reduction in firing of the simple spike (Ferin et at. 1970;Ghelarducci et al 1975), an effect attributed at least in part to this inhibitory action. It would be expected that by removing the olivocerebellar input, the suppression of this inhibitory mechanism would lead to an increased firing rate of the simple spike.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention has therefore been repeatedly focused on the pause which follows the complex spikes, whose duration is from 20 to several hundreds of milliseconds (Granit & Phillips, 1956;Ferin et al 1970Ferin et al , 1971Bloedel & Roberts, 1971;Murphy & Sabah, 1971;Burg & Rubia, 1972). Indeed, in several instances an increase in the complex spike activity mirrors a reduction in the simple spike (Ferin et al 1970(Ferin et al , 1971Ghelarducci, Ito & Yagi, 1975). When the frequency reaches 8-9/s a complete suppression of the simple spike can occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The inhibitory effect of the olivocerebellar input on the cerebellar Purkinje cells in the rat†

Montarolo

Palestini

Strata

1982

The Journal of Physiology

240

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SUMMARY1. In rats under Nembutal anaesthesia the inferior olive region has been reversibly inactivated by applying a cooling probe to the ventral surface of the medulla. Simple and complex spike activity has been recorded from Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex.2. Following cooling of the inferior olive of one side we have observed a remarkable increase of the simple spike activity in all the twenty-two Purkinje cells, showing a disappearance of the complex spike activity.3. In some rats two Purkinje cells were recorded simultaneously from each side of the cerebellar cortex. Following cooling of the left inferior olive the effect on the Purkinje cell was observed only or predominantly on the contralateral cerebellar cortex.4. In a group of animals the inferior olive has been destroyed by 3-acetylpyridine 4-221 days before the recording session. Cooling of the inferior olive region was not accompanied by any significant and consistent increase in the spike activity of presumed Purkinje cells of the contralateral cerebellar cortex.5. These results indicate that the remarkable increase of the simple spike frequency following cooling of the inferior olive region is due specifically to the suppression of the activity of the olivocerebellar neurones.6. Only a small amount of the simple spike frequency increase is attributable to the removal of the post-climbing fibre pause.7. In some lesioned rats recording was made from Purkinje cells, which showed complex spikes due to the few surviving inferior olive cells. In these Purkinje cells cooling of the inferior olive region was accompanied by a disappearance of the complex spike and by a small increase ofthe simple spike frequency of discharge. Such an increase is mainly attributable to the removal of the post-climbing fibre pause.8. These results suggest that a given Purkinje cell is not only under the inhibitory influence of its own climbing fibre, but also of other olivocerebellar neurones, probably through climbing fibre collaterals to the cerebellar cortical interneurones.9. It is suggested that one role of the olivocerebellar system is to exert a powerful tonic inhibitory action on the Purkinje cells and consequently to exert a significant control on the excitability of the subcerebellar centres.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The inhibitory effect of the olivocerebellar input on the cerebellar Purkinje cells in the rat†

Montarolo

Palestini

Strata

1982

The Journal of Physiology

240

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“…the strength of parallel fibre to Purkinje cell synapse is modified when these synapses are activated conjunctively with climbing fibre synaptic inputs. It has been shown that, during the adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex, Purkinje cell firing frequency in the flocculus undergoes changes in the manner predicted by Albus' hypothesis (Ghelarducci et al 1975;Dufosse et al 1978). As well, Gilbert and Thach showed that, in monkeys adapting to compensate for a sudden change in arm load, Purkinje cells changed their firings in the manner predicted by Albus' hypothesis (Gilbert & Thach 1977).…”

Section: Long-term Depression (A) Discovery Of Ltdmentioning

confidence: 93%

Type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor in cerebellar Purkinje cells: a key molecule responsible for long-term depression, endocannabinoid signalling and synapse elimination

Kano

Hashimoto

Tabata

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

106

113

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The cerebellum is a brain structure involved in the coordination, control and learning of movements, and elucidation of its function is an important issue. Japanese scholars have made seminal contributions in this field of neuroscience. Electrophysiological studies of the cerebellum have a long history in Japan since the pioneering works by Ito and Sasaki. Elucidation of the basic circuit diagram of the cerebellum in the 1960s was followed by the construction of cerebellar network theories and finding of their neural correlates in the 1970s. A theoretically predicted synaptic plasticity, long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fibre to Purkinje cell synapse, was demonstrated experimentally in 1982 by Ito and co-workers. Since then, Japanese neuroscientists from various disciplines participated in this field and have made major contributions to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying LTD. An important pathway for LTD induction is type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) and its downstream signal transduction in Purkinje cells. Sugiyama and co-workers demonstrated the presence of mGluRs and Nakanishi and his pupils identified the molecular structures and functions of the mGluR family. Moreover, the authors contributed to the discovery and elucidation of several novel functions of mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells. mGluR1 turned out to be crucial for the release of endocannabinoid from Purkinje cells and the resultant retrograde suppression of transmitter release. It was also found that mGluR1 and its downstream signal transduction in Purkinje cells are indispensable for the elimination of redundant synapses during post-natal cerebellar development. This article overviews the seminal works by Japanese neuroscientists, focusing on mGluR1 signalling in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

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“…The amplitude and phase of these sine curves were plotted on a polar diagram ( Fig. 1C; see Ghelarducci et al 1975 Effects of bicuculline on GABA inhibition The effectiveness of bicuculline as an antagonist of ionophoretically applied GABA was tested for each of the flocculus Purkinje cells, prior to each measurement of vestibular responses. All of the fifty-one Purkinje cells tested were inhibited by ionophoretic application of GABA (current: 0-30 nA), confirming the results of an earlier report (Kawamura & Provini, 1970).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cerebellar flocculus, Purkinje cells respond to sinusoidal head rotation in the horizontal plane with a frequency modulation of simple spike discharges at the same frequency as the head rotation (Ghelarducci, Ito & Yagi, 1975;Lisberger & Fuchs, 1978). The phase relationship between the modulation and the head velocity varies widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of cerebellar intracortical inhibition to Purkinje cell response during vestibulo‐ocular reflex of alert rabbits.

Miyashita¹,

Nagao²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Ionophoretic application of bicuculline, an antagonist of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was used to examine the contribution of intracortical inhibition to vestibular responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus of alert rabbits.2. Purkinje cells were sampled extracellularly (with triple-barrelled micropipettes) from the floccular area where electrical stimulation through the micro-electrode evoked abduction of the ipsilateral eye, indicating its close functional relationship to the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex. These cells exhibited frequency modulation of simple spike discharges in-phase or out-phase with sinusoidal head rotation (0 5 cycles/s, 50 peak-to-peak) in the horizontal plane.3. Bicuculline was ejected ionophoretically through one barrel with a 20-60 nA current. The pharmacological effectiveness of the ejected bicuculline was confirmed for each Purkinje cell by its blocking action upon the depressant action of GABA applied ionophoretically through another barrel.4. Bicuculline usually shifted the simple spike modulation in the in-phase direction: it reduced the amplitude of out-phase modulation in three cells, converted out-phase modulation to the in-phase type in four cells, and increased in-phase modulation in five cells. In three other cells, however, bicuculline shifted the modulation in the out-phase direction.5. Because bicuculline application usually increased the resting discharge level of a Purkinje cell, ionophoretic application of DL-homocysteate was used in ten Purkinje cells to control for the effect of a generalized increase in excitability. In contrast to bicuculline, DL-homocysteate generally induced a slight increase of the simple spike modulation regardless of the phase relationship.6. Since frequency modulation of the simple spike discharges of flocculus Purkinje cells is presumed to contribute to the control of vestibulo-ocular reflexes, these results point to an important functional role of intracortical post-synaptic inhibition in the cerebellar cortex.

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Impulse discharge from flocculus Purkinje cells of alert rabbits during visual stimulation combined with horizontal head rotation

Cited by 222 publications

References 14 publications

The inhibitory effect of the olivocerebellar input on the cerebellar Purkinje cells in the rat†

The inhibitory effect of the olivocerebellar input on the cerebellar Purkinje cells in the rat†

Type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor in cerebellar Purkinje cells: a key molecule responsible for long-term depression, endocannabinoid signalling and synapse elimination

Contribution of cerebellar intracortical inhibition to Purkinje cell response during vestibulo‐ocular reflex of alert rabbits.

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