Impulsive responding on the peak-interval procedure

Matell, Matthew S.; Portugal, George S.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.08.009

Cited by 41 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Pigeons thus showed increased sharpening of peak-time curves over successive sessions of probe testing, produced primarily by a decline in responding after the FI. This finding replicates similar observations recently made with pigeons (Kirkpatrick-Steger, Miller, Betti, & Wasserman, 1996) and with rodents (Balci et al, 2009;Kaiser, 2008;Matell & Portugal, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…However, recent research has suggested that different leaming processes are responsible for pre-and postpeak performance (Balci et al, 2009;Kaiser, 2008;Kirkpatrick-Steger et al, 1996;Matell & Portugal, 2007). Because prepeak responding reaches asymptote much faster than does postpeak responding, the asymmetry in response curve flattening in the current research might be due to differential effects on leaming.…”

Section: Gênerai Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

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Interval timing under variations in the relative validity of temporal cues.

McMillan

Roberts²

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Two groups of pigeons were trained to respond on a white center key to a fixed-interval, 60-s schedule of reinforcement signaled by the onset of a side-key cue (S+ training). In additional training sessions, S+ trials alternated between S- trials in which a different side-key cue signaled nonreinforcement after 60 s (S+/S- training). For one group, S+/S- training sessions followed S+ training, and for the other group, S+/S- training preceded S+ training. Peak-time curves obtained from extended nonrewarded probe trials inserted among training trials showed loss of control by time during S+/S- training relative to S+ training. A follow-up experiment showed that this result was not caused by a difference in probability of reinforcement. We suggest that attention to time was weakened by the introduction of visual cues that were more valid predictors of trial outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Gênerai Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Interval timing under variations in the relative validity of temporal cues.

McMillan

Roberts²

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…To further assess the changes of the performance over the light/dark cycle, we analyzed the Actual Inter-Trials (AIT) durations between two consecutive trials. These intervals occur because of the delay of the mouse to initiate a trial and have been used as a measurement of impulsivity (Matell and Portugal, 2007). A significant difference was found between genotypes along the 24 h and was accentuated during the dark phase (Figure 4f).…”

Section: Taar1 and Nmda S Espinoza Et Almentioning

confidence: 84%

TAAR1 modulates cortical glutamate NMDA receptor function

Espinoza¹

2016

Intrinsic Act

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Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the mammalian brain and known to influence subcortical monoaminergic transmission. Monoamines, such as dopamine, also play an important role within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry, which is critically involved in high-o5rder cognitive processes. TAAR1-selective ligands have shown potential antipsychotic, antidepressant, and pro-cognitive effects in experimental animal models; however, it remains unclear whether TAAR1 can affect PFCrelated processes and functions. In this study, we document a distinct pattern of expression of TAAR1 in the PFC, as well as altered subunit composition and deficient functionality of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the pyramidal neurons of layer V of PFC in mice lacking TAAR1. The dysregulated cortical glutamate transmission in TAAR1-KO mice was associated with aberrant behaviors in several tests, indicating a perseverative and impulsive phenotype of mutants. Conversely, pharmacological activation of TAAR1 with selective agonists reduced premature impulsive responses observed in the fixed-interval conditioning schedule in normal mice. Our study indicates that TAAR1 plays an important role in the modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission in the PFC and related functions. Furthermore, these data suggest that the development of TAAR1-based drugs could provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of disorders related to aberrant cortical functions.

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“…This is unusual because previous studies have shown that a reduction in DRL efficiency is usually accompanied by an increase in burst responding, a pattern that can be induced by administration of psychostimulants (e.g., Cheng et al 2006a). The prevailing explanations for this pattern of responding are either that these drugs accelerated the speed of an internal clock and/or increased impulsivity, which in turn would decrease response efficiency (e.g., Meck 1996;Wiley et al 2000;McAuley et al 2006;Matell and Portugal 2007). Both of these explanations are likely to be inappropriate in the present situation because of the observation that SUP-male rats display the same temporal accuracy with increased precision compared with CON-male rats when assessed in other reproduction tasks such as the peak-interval procedure (e.g., Meck and Williams 1997a;Cheng et al 2006b;Cheng and Meck 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

Cheng¹,

MacDonald²,

Williams³

et al. 2008

Learn. Mem.

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Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats. Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding, the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL criterion following transition to a new criterion. In summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and response efficiency in SUP-females.Choline is an essential nutrient for the regulation of cell signaling, methyl metabolism, and acetylcholine synthesis in both the infant and adult (Zeisel and Niculescu 2006). It has been found that when choline is administered at levels higher than normal to pregnant rats during embryonic days (ED) 12-17, the adult offspring showed enhanced spatial and temporal memory (Meck and Williams 2003). Specifically, rats given this prenatal-choline supplementation made fewer errors when tested on a radial-arm maze (Meck et al. , 1989Meck and Williams 1999) and are able to chunk more information in spatial memory that helps them identify multiple-reward baiting patterns (Dallal and Meck 1990;Meck and Williams 1997b). Similarly, when challenged with tasks that require the ability to remember durations in the seconds-to-minutes range, prenatal choline-supplemented rats produced more precise timing functions and are better able to time multiple durations simultaneously compared with control rats (Meck and Williams 1997a,c;Cheng et al. 2006b). The prenatal availability of choline also modifies the development of the cholinergic system (e.g., Meck et al. 1989;Williams et al. 1998;Cermak et al. 1999;Montoya et al. 2000;Mellott et al. 2004) and alters indices of hippocampal plasticity (e.g., Pyapali et al. 1998;Glenn et al. 2007). Together, these findings indicate that prenatal-choline supplementation can induce profound changes in brain function that lead to increased memory capacity and precision in adult offspring. In the present study, the potential benefits of prenatal-choline supplementation were further investigated by using differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedules to study th...

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Impulsive responding on the peak-interval procedure

Cited by 41 publications

References 57 publications

Interval timing under variations in the relative validity of temporal cues.

Interval timing under variations in the relative validity of temporal cues.

TAAR1 modulates cortical glutamate NMDA receptor function

Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

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