Impulsivity facets’ predictive relations with DSM–5 PTSD symptom clusters.

Roley, Michelle E.; Contractor, Ateka A.; Weiss, Nicole H.; Armour, Chérie; Elhai, Jon D.

doi:10.1037/tra0000146

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Risky behaviors may reflect a desire to avoid or escape aversive emotional states (Cooper et al, 2000), or an avoidance strategy to limit emotional and cognitive reactions following PTEs (Pat-Horenczyk et al, 2007). Thus, people may engage in risky behaviors to cope with PTSD’s negative affect (negative alternations in cognition and mood symptoms) and AAR symptoms (Contractor et al, 2014; Roley et al, 2017). Further, research indicates a significant relation between risky behaviors and severity of PTSD’s re-experiencing and avoidance symptom clusters (Pat-Horenczyk et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD's risky behavior criterion: Relation with DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and psychopathology

Contractor

Weiss

Dranger

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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A new symptom criterion of reckless and self-destructive behaviors (E2) was recently added to posttraumatic stress disorder’s (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in DSM-5, which is unsurprising given the well-established relation between PTSD and risky behaviors. Researchers have questioned the significance and incremental validity of this symptom criterion within PTSD’s symptomatology. Unprecedented to our knowledge, we aim to compare trauma-exposed groups differing on their endorsement status of the risky behavior symptom on several psychopathology constructs (PTSD, depression, distress tolerance, rumination, anger). The sample included 123 trauma-exposed participants seeking mental health treatment (M age=35.70; 68.30% female) who completed self-report questionnaires assessing PTSD symptoms, depression, rumination, distress tolerance, and anger. Results of independent samples t-tests indicated that participants who endorsed the E2 criterion at a clinically significant level reported significantly greater PTSD subscale severity; depression severity; rumination facets of repetitive thoughts, counterfactual thinking, and problem-focused thinking; and anger reactions; and significantly less absorption and regulation (distress tolerance facets) compared to participants who did not endorse the E2 criterion at a clinically significant level. Results indicate the utility of the E2 criterion in identifying trauma-exposed individual with greater posttraumatic distress, and emphasize the importance of targeting such behaviors in treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD's risky behavior criterion: Relation with DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and psychopathology

Contractor

Weiss

Dranger

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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“…In fact, the impulsive pathway perspective comprehensively details the role of several impulsivity facets (negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking) underlying problematic smartphone use (reviewed in Billieux, 2012). The tendency to act impulsively when experiencing intense emotional states, termed as negative urgency (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001) is highly related to PTSD subscale severity, and to NACM symptom severity in particular (Contractor, Armour, Forbes, et al, 2016; Roley, Contractor, Weiss, Armour, & Elhai, 2017); and to problematic phone use (Billieux, Van Der Linden, D’Acremont, Ceschi, & Zermatten, 2007; Billieux, Van Der Linden, & Rochat, 2008). In summary, similar to other addictive impulsive behaviors (Marshall-Berenz, Vujanovic, & MacPherson, 2011; O’Hare, Sherrer, Yeamen, & Cutler, 2009; Sacks, Flood, Dennis, Hertzberg, & Beckham, 2008), excessive smartphone use may be a negatively reinforcing coping strategy for people experiencing negative affect related to PTSD severity (i.e., primarily NACM symptom severity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent-level relations between DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and problematic smartphone use

Contractor

Frankfurt

Weiss

et al. 2017

Computers in Human Behavior

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Common mental health consequences following the experience of potentially traumatic events include Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and addictive behaviors. Problematic smartphone use is a newer manifestation of addictive behaviors. People with anxiety severity (such as PTSD) may be at risk for problematic smartphone use as a means of coping with their symptoms. Unique to our knowledge, we assessed relations between PTSD symptom clusters and problematic smartphone use. Participants (N = 347), recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), completed measures of PTSD and smartphone addiction. Results of the Wald tests of parameter constraints indicated that problematic smartphone use was more related to PTSD’s negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) than to PTSD’s avoidance factor, Wald χ2(1, N = 347) = 12.51, p = 0.0004; and more to PTSD’s arousal compared to PTSD’s avoidance factor, Wald χ2(1, N = 347) = 14.89, p = 0.0001. Results indicate that problematic smartphone use is most associated with negative affect and arousal among trauma-exposed individuals. Implications include the need to clinically assess problematic smartphone use among trauma-exposed individuals presenting with higher NACM and arousal severity; and targeting NACM and arousal symptoms to mitigate the effects of problematic smartphone use.

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“…When paired with impulsivity, childhood sexual abuse, compared to the other four maltreatment types, might be more likely to influence weight status because of the intrusive and intimate nature of the act(s), including the perpetrator’s contact with the child’s body (Williams, 1993). Interestingly, the results of prior research have indicated that compared to non-sexual trauma exposure, experiences of sexual trauma are more strongly associated with alterations in arousal and reactivity symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (Guina, Nahhas, Kawalec, & Farnsworth, 2016), which has been linked to impulsivity (Roley, Contractor, Weiss, Armour, & Elhai, 2016). There are likely mediators of the association between childhood sexual abuse and BMI that could help account for the association (e.g., disordered eating, emotion dysregulation, low self-esteem, negative body image; Briere & Scott, 2007; Lanius, Bluhm, & Frewen, 2011; Lavender, Gratz, & Anderson, 2012; Wonderlich et al, 2001); however, these variables were not examined in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

Brown

Mitchell

Fite

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for adult obesity (Danese & Tan, 2014; Hemmingsson, Johannsson, & Reynisdottir, 2014). However, there is a need for research delineating the factors that play a role in this association. Impulsivity has been shown to be associated with both child maltreatment (Ouyang, Fang, Mercy, Perou, & Grosse, 2008) and body mass index (BMI; Cortese et al., 2008; Thamotharan, Lange, Zale, Huffhines, & Fields, 2013). Further, given previous research showing that adverse events interact with impulsivity to predict hazardous drinking behaviors (Fox, Bergquist, Gu, & Sinha, 2010), there is reason to hypothesize that child maltreatment might interact with impulsivity to predict other adverse health outcomes, such as elevated BMI. Accordingly, the current study examined whether impulsivity moderated the association between child maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) and BMI. The sample was comprised of 500 undergraduate students (49.6% male) between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Regression analyses suggested that maltreatment types and impulsivity were not uniquely associated with BMI. However, impulsivity moderated the association between childhood sexual abuse and adult BMI, such that BMI was highest at high levels of both sexual abuse and impulsivity. Impulsivity did not moderate the associations between the other child maltreatment types and BMI. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications of this research are discussed.

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Impulsivity facets’ predictive relations with DSM–5 PTSD symptom clusters.

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

PTSD's risky behavior criterion: Relation with DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and psychopathology

PTSD's risky behavior criterion: Relation with DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and psychopathology

Latent-level relations between DSM-5 PTSD symptom clusters and problematic smartphone use

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

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