“…There are some straightforward imputation models, including average imputation models, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) models and regression analysis (El Esawey, 2018). In addition, some complex algorithms are used for imputation, such as K-means, Bayesian networks, SVM and RF (Spinelli et al, 2020;Roeling et al, 2020;Sefidian et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2009). These machine learning algorithms are more accurate, but the calculations are more complex (Kaplan and Yavuz, 2019).…”