“…Furthermore, the subsidence caused by mining changes the shape of landforms, leading to steeper slopes, heightened erosion, lower soil quality, and diminished agricultural yields, as shown in Figure 1. Subsidence waterlogging resulting from coal mining has been reported in Berkeley, United States [18], Southern Poland's Upper Silesia [19,20], India's Raigarh [21], Pontes and Blanchet in Spain [22], as well as other nations, demonstrating that this is a global geological crisis triggered by underground extraction [23]. In the CGCA of China, encompassing provinces such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, and Hebei, these issues are particularly prominent [24].…”