In and Out of Harm's Way: Violent Victimization and the Social Capital of Fictive Street Families*

McCarthy, Bill; Hagan, John; Martin, Monica J.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00975.x

Cited by 92 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Researchers have also emphasized the importance of voluntary kin among working class families (e.g., Coontz, 1999), new immigrants (e.g., Ebaugh & Curry, 2000), gay and lesbian families (e.g., Muraco, 2006;Weston, 1991), and street families (e.g., McCarthy, Hagan, & Martin, 2002). Taken collectively, this research points to a variety of possible functions performed by voluntary kin, including a sense of belonging, emotional closeness, protection and security, and social support.…”

Section: Existing Research On Voluntary Kinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing family: A typology of voluntary kin

Braithwaite

Bach

Baxter

et al. 2010

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

130

137

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Section: Existing Research On Voluntary Kinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing family: A typology of voluntary kin

Braithwaite

Bach

Baxter

et al. 2010

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

130

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Breaking this link is particularly challenging because childhood disadvantage is multi-faceted and appears to be transmitted to adulthood through several avenues. In particular, a vast range of childhood conditions such as poor health (Case et al 2005 (Molnar et al 1990); a higher incidence of victimization (McCarthy et al 2002); greater exposure to infectious diseases (Haddad et al 2005); lower access to health care services (Kushel et al 2001); as well as poorer educational and health outcomes (Buckner 2008).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Homelessness and Adult Employment: The Role of Education, Incarceration, and Welfare Receipt

Cobb‐Clark

Zhu

2015

SSRN Journal

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYPeople who become homeless as a child are more likely to have lower employment rates in adulthood than those who become homeless later. Our research, using the Journey's Home survey, found by the time they are adults, those who are first homeless after the age of 15 years have an employment rate of 24%. But those who become homeless at or before the age of 15 have an employment rate of just 10%.Interestingly, those who first become homeless during the teenage years of 15 and 16 years have the worst outcomes. Homeless children and adolescents tend to have very different life paths from those who become homeless later. We also found differences by gender.For women, those who become homeless as a child are more likely to drop out of high school than those who become homeless later in life. In fact, nearly half of the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life is related to dropping out of high school. It is the most important factor -and a potential milestone in the path from childhood homelessness to unemployment (or being out of the labour force) in adulthood. Welfare receipt in general and specifically for mental illness-related disability payments also account for a large percentage of the employment gap.For men, dropping out of high school also plays an important role in accounting for the employment gap between those who were homeless in childhood versus later in life. Incarceration between the ages of 17 and 20 years old (inclusive) also plays a role, albeit a smaller one. However, unlike for women, welfare receipt matters little in explaining the employment gap. It's likely this gendered difference in the results is related to the strong relationship between child bearing and welfare receipt. This non-technical summary is based on a piece published in The Conversation. Find the full story here: https://theconversation.com/childhood-homelessness-makes-for-adult-unemployment-study-48887ABOUT THE AUTHORS Deborah Cobb-Clark's research agenda centres on the effect of social policy on labour market outcomes including immigration, sexual and racial harassment, health, old-age support, education and youth transitions. In particular, she is currently leading the innovative Youth in Focus Project which is analysing the pathways through which social and economic disadvantage is transmitted from parents to children in Australia. Email: d.cobbclark@unimelb.edu.au. Anna Zhu AbstractThis paper analyzes children's long-term consequences of experiencing homelessness. Our primary goal is to assess the importance of the potential pathways linking childhood homelessness to adult employment. We use novel panel data that link survey and administrative data for a sample of disadvantaged adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. We find that those experiencing homelessness for the first time as children are less likely to be employed than those who were never homeless as a child. For women, this relationship is largely explained by the lower educational attainme...

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“…Turning to health and well-being outcomes, homeless children are shown to be at greater risk of: poor nutrition (Molnar et al 1990); a higher incidence of victimization (McCarthy et al 2002); greater exposure to infectious diseases (Haddad et al 2005); lower access to health care services (Kushel et al 2001); and poorer behavioral and health outcomes more generally (Masten et al 2014). Yet the impact of homelessness on children's health has been challenged by Park et al 2011 who employed a fixed effects regression to account for observable and unobservable time-invariant confounding factors.…”

Section: Consequences Of Women's Homelessnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Homelessness: International Evidence on Causes, Consequences, Coping and Policies

2017

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYMost people in modern, developed countries live in stable and secure housing. However, at any given time, a small yet consequential fraction of men, women and children are homeless or live precariously in unstable circumstances. The substantial deprivations of homelessness, especially street homelessness, have made it a focus of social, policy, and research concern. Research across many countries and contexts has improved our knowledge of the incidence, drivers, and consequences of homelessness-the consideration of women's homelessness has been particularly valuable in this regard. Nevertheless, our understandings remain incomplete, and our policy responses, inadequate.While the general social problem of homelessness affects both women and men, yet there are many aspects of homelessness that are unique to women. Overall, women are much less likely than men to find themselves homeless, and if they become homeless, women tend to have shorter spells. However, differences in the proportions of women and men who are homeless narrow when we consider particular categorizations, such as sheltered homelessness and doubled-up situations. Also, the circumstances of women's homelessness differ from men's, with women being vastly-overrepresented in family as opposed to single-adult homelessness. This paper reviews international evidence regarding women's homelessness. It discusses different definitions of homelessness and how women are frequently part of the "hidden homeless" population and less a part of the unsheltered homeless population. It also considers the data that are used to enumerate and study homeless people. The structural, personal, and random causes of homelessness are discussed, with evidence pointing to highly gendered patterns. The paper also describes the consequences of women's homelessness, including the consequences for children, and the material and psychological coping strategies that homeless people employ. It considers policies to reduce homelessness and ameliorate its problems. Beyond identifying whether someone is homelessness, there are also temporal considerations of how often or how long someone experiences homelessness. In a path-breaking longitudinal study of shelter users in New York and Philadelphia, Kuhn and Culhane (1998) identified three temporal groups: transitionally homeless people who typically experienced a single short stay in a shelter, episodically homeless people who experienced multiple transitions in and out of homelessness, and chronically homeless people who experienced long durations of homelessness and effectively used the shelter system as a long-term source of housing. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Measures and data sourcesWith definitions in hand, it is possible, though challenging, to estimate the number and characteristics of people who are homeless. In a comprehensive methodological review, Edgar A third source of data are national censuses and broad-based surveys in the form of selfcomplete mail-in and on-line questionnaires and interviewer-administered in...

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In and Out of Harm's Way: Violent Victimization and the Social Capital of Fictive Street Families*

Cited by 92 publications

References 52 publications

Constructing family: A typology of voluntary kin

Constructing family: A typology of voluntary kin

Childhood Homelessness and Adult Employment: The Role of Education, Incarceration, and Welfare Receipt

Women's Homelessness: International Evidence on Causes, Consequences, Coping and Policies

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