In bacteria which grow on simple reductants, generation of a proton gradient involves extracytoplasmic oxidation of substrate.

Hooper, Alan B.; DiSpirito, Alan A.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.49.2.140-157.1985

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…However, from the host viewpoint, the bacteria that colonize a location adjacent, or adherent to epithelial cells, or mucus, are more likely to affect, or be affected by the host's immune system (Okada et al 1994;Tannock 2000;Hooper et al 2002). In addition, the adhesion of non-pathogenic bacteria to the epithelial surface may contribute to the barrier that effects host resistance to pathogenic bacteria (Hooper and DiSpirito 1985;Tannock 2000;Hooper et al 2002). Due to enriched oxygen and other blood-borne nutrients, the microenvironment on the surface of the intestinal epithelium is different to the lumen, and hence the composition of the bacterial populations in the two locations may not be the same (Pryde et al 1999;Zoetendal et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the microbial species that colonize human ileal and colonic mucosa by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis

Wang¹,

Heazlewood²,

et al. 2003

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Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial community adhering to the mucosa of the terminal ileum, and proximal and distal colon of the human digestive tract. Methods and Results: Pinch samples of the terminal ileum, proximal and distal colon were taken from a healthy 35-year-old, and a 68-year-old subject with mild diverticulosis. The 16S rDNA genes were amplified using a low number of PCR cycles, cloned, and sequenced. In total, 361 sequences were obtained comprising 70 operational taxonomic units (OTU), with a calculated coverage of 82AE6%. Twenty-three per cent of OTU were common to the terminal ileum, proximal colon and distal colon, but 14% OTU were only found in the terminal ileum, and 43% were only associated with the proximal or distal colon. The most frequently represented clones were from the Clostridium group XIVa (24AE7%), and the Bacteroidetes (Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides) cluster (27AE7%). Conclusion: Comparison of 16S rDNA clone libraries of the hindgut across mammalian species confirms that the distribution of phylogenetic groups is similar irrespective of the host species. Lesser site-related differences within groups or clusters of organisms, are probable. Significance and Impact: This study provides further evidence of the distribution of the bacteria on the mucosal surfaces of the human hindgut. Data contribute to the benchmarking of the microbial composition of the human digestive tract.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the microbial species that colonize human ileal and colonic mucosa by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis

Wang¹,

Heazlewood²,

et al. 2003

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“…The 47-kDa protein detected by us was probably composed of more than one subunit and was also present in a very small amount in growth with Fe(ll). Its high expression in the presence of sulphur in three T. ferrooxidans strains, isolated in different habitats and distinguishable for their colony morphology and plasmid pattern, appears to indicate that this protein plays a role in the reduced sulphur compound oxidation which occurs generally on the extracytoplasmic side of the cell membrane [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identification of two outer membrane proteins involved in the oxidation of sulphur compounds in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Buonfiglio

1993

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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Shift of three Thiobacillus fi'rrooxidans strains from Fe(ll) to S" or thiosulphate liquid medium caused distinctive changes in the outer membrane protein profile. In addition to a new 55-kDa protein which was synthesized only in the presence of sulphur compounds, a higher expression of a 47-kDa protein was observed. This latter protein appeared to be constitutively synthesized, since it was detectable in small amounts even in tile presence of ferrous iron as sole energy source, but its expression was greatly enhanced when elemental sulphur or thiosulphate were present in the growth medium.

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“…The reaction mixture was composed of 0.1 m b-alanine-SO 2± 4 buffer (pH 3.0), FeSO 4´7 H 2 O (100 mmol), and enzyme in a total volume of 3.0 mL. The reaction was started by adding Fe 21 and was carried out at 45 8C. One unit of iron oxidase was defined as the amount of enzyme that gives oxygen uptake of 1 mmol in 1 min by the oxidation of Fe 21 .…”

Section: Assay Of Iron Oxidizing Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A new iron oxidase from a moderately thermophilic iron oxidizing bacterium strain TI-1

Masaki¹,

Kamimura²,

Sugio³

2001

Eur J Biochem

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Iron oxidase was purified from plasma membranes of a moderately thermophilic iron oxidizing bacterium strain TI-1 in an electrophoretically homogeneous state. Spectrum analyses of purified enzyme showed the existence of cytochrome a, but not cytochrome b and c types. Iron oxidase was composed of five subunits with apparent molecular masses of 46 kDa (alpha), 28 kDa (beta), 24 kDa (gamma), 20 kDa (delta), and 17 kDa (epsilon). As the molecular mass of a native enzyme was estimated to be 263 kDa in the presence of 0.1% n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltopyranoside (DM), a native iron oxidase purified from strain TI-1 seems to be a homodimeric enzyme (alpha beta gamma delta epsilon)(2). Optimum pH and temperature for iron oxidation were pH 3.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. The K(m) of iron oxidase for Fe(2+) was 1.06 mM and V(max) for O(2) uptake was 13.8 micromol x mg(-1) x min(-1). The activity was strongly inhibited by cyanide and azide. Purified enzyme from strain TI-1 is a new iron oxidase in which electrons of Fe(2+) were transferred to haem a and then to the molecular oxygen.

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In bacteria which grow on simple reductants, generation of a proton gradient involves extracytoplasmic oxidation of substrate.

Cited by 63 publications

References 167 publications

Molecular characterization of the microbial species that colonize human ileal and colonic mucosa by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis

Molecular characterization of the microbial species that colonize human ileal and colonic mucosa by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis

Identification of two outer membrane proteins involved in the oxidation of sulphur compounds in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

A new iron oxidase from a moderately thermophilic iron oxidizing bacterium strain TI-1

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