2009
DOI: 10.1109/tits.2008.2011712
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In-Car Positioning and Navigation Technologies—A Survey

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Cited by 522 publications
(284 citation statements)
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“…Positioning technologies based on stand-alone GPS receivers are vulnerable and have to be supported by additional information to obtain the desired accuracy, integrity and availability (Skog and Handel, 2009). …”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Positioning technologies based on stand-alone GPS receivers are vulnerable and have to be supported by additional information to obtain the desired accuracy, integrity and availability (Skog and Handel, 2009). …”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To avoid the accumulated error caused by the measurements of internal sensors in INS, the INS location estimate is fused with measurement data from other sources. As discussed in Skog & Handel (2009) fusing INS and GPS can take the form of a loosely or tightly coupled system architecture.…”
Section: Inertial Navigation System (Ins) and Gps Fusionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the first level, a variety of location information is gathered as row data and processed separately using local filters that are suitable for each type of location information. As with the system in Skog & Handel (2009), the second level combines the output of the first level and produces a better location estimate. In Boukerche et al (2008), the results are then fused in the third level based on contextual information (e.g., digital maps and traffic information).…”
Section: Multi-level Fusion Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The intelligence of ITS is derived from the ability to assist in, or make decisions based upon, a pro-reactive response to the environment. A variety of current ITS systems allow increased navigation, alertness and response to critical and non-critical scenarios [6][7][8]. Examples of current ITS include Variable Message Signs (VMS) where messages are displayed on overhead gantries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%