(In)Distinctive Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Common and Rare Ovarian Cancers

Abstract

Rare ovarian cancers (ROCs) are OCs with an annual incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 women. They affect women of all ages, but due to their low incidence and the potential clinical inexperience in management, there can be a delay in diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. The underlying causes for these tumors are varied, but generally, the tumors arise due to alterations in gene/protein expression in cellular processes that regulate normal proliferation and its checkpoints. Dysregulation of the cellular processes that lead to cancer includes gene mutations, epimutations, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are defined as transcribed RNA molecules, more than 200 nucleotides in length which are not translated into proteins. They regulate gene expression through several mechanisms and therefore add another level of complexity to the regulatory mechanisms affecting tumor development. Since few studies have been performed on ROCs, in this review we summarize the mechanisms of action of lncRNA in OC, with an emphasis on ROCs.

lncRNA DARS-AS1 Modulates TSPAN1-Mediated ITGA2 Hypomethylation by Interaction with miR-194-5p Thus Promoting Ovarian Cancer Progression

“…lncRNAs share microRNA (miRNA) binding sites and modulate the posttranscriptional messenger RNA (mRNA) by depletion of miRNA when the ceRNA network is interpreted [ 18 ]. A surge of attention has been paid to involvement of the lncRNA-based ceRNA network that expedites tumorigenesis of several human cancers including OC [ 19 ]. Although a recently identified ceRNA pathway, lncRNA DARS-AS1 regulation of a gene by miR-194-5p, has been reported in OC progression [ 16 ], our knowledge of the ceRNA phenomenon headed by lncRNA DARS-AS1 in OC is very limited, prompting us to explore it further.…”

Recombinant human IL-17D promotes the progression of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and the expression of PD-L by activating the NF-κB pathway

“…According to the Cancer Statistics Report 2022, it is estimated that there will be 19,880 newly diagnosed cases of ovarian cancer and 12,810 deaths in the United States [1]. The 5-year overall survival rates are 32.1% for stage III/IV high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), a common ovarian cancer [2]. The poor prognosis is largely due to the late diagnosis of cancer in its advanced stages (FIGOIII/IV), high recurrence rates even after primary cytoreductive surgery combined with postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy.…”

The lncRNA Gm8097 is associated with hypospermatogenesis

“…Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, distinguished by their lower expression levels, limited conservation, and more tissue-specific expression patterns [8,9]. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses have identified thousands of lncRNAs expressed in the testes across multiple species [10,11].…”