In-field measurements of PCDD/F emissions from domestic heating appliances for solid fuels

Hübner, Christof; Boos, R.; Prey, Theodor

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00702-1

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The PCDD/Fs EFs of residential wood burning varied widely with different wood/stove combinations (see Table S4). The average total PCDD/Fs EFs (19.8 ± 8.4 ng I-TEQ/kg) determined in this study were much higher than those (2.7 ± 3.5 ng I-TEQ/kg) from laboratory-based studies, − but they were close to those (15.2 ± 27.1 ng I-TEQ/kg) investigated in field measurements . The obtained EFs (per unit mass of fuel) of PCDD/Fs emitted from household combustion, together with previously reported ones, are significantly higher (2–38 times) than those from industrial sectors cited from previous studies (see Table S5), including solid waste incinerators (3.06 ± 5.01 ng/kg), iron and steel plants (2.86 ± 2.99 ng/kg), metallurgical plants (9.8 ± 15.6 ng/kg), and coal-fired power plants (0.52 ± 0.69 ng/kg), which had been estimated as ones of the major traditional emission sources to PCDD/Fs pollution .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The average total PCDD/Fs EFs (19.8 ± 8.4 ng I-TEQ/ kg) determined in this study were much higher than those (2.7 ± 3.5 ng I-TEQ/kg) from laboratory-based studies, 23−26 but they were close to those (15.2 ± 27.1 ng I-TEQ/kg) investigated in field measurements. 27 The obtained EFs (per unit mass of fuel) of PCDD/Fs emitted from household combustion, together with previously reported ones, are significantly higher (2−38 times) than those from industrial sectors cited from previous studies (see ng/kg), and coal-fired power plants (0.52 ± 0.69 ng/kg), which had been estimated as ones of the major traditional emission sources to PCDD/Fs pollution. 28 Compared to the high temperature and high combustion efficiency in industrial boilers as well as air pollution control devices equipped in the industry sector, the lower temperature and incomplete combustion in real-world domestic stoves as well as lack of after-treatment devices lead to much higher EFs of PCDD/ Fs.…”

Section: Estimation Of Emissionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Extreme Exposure Levels of PCDD/Fs Inhaled from Biomass Burning Activity for Cooking in Typical Rural Households

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/ Fs), emitted during biomass combustion, are carcinogenic chemicals. The association between indoor biomass burning and PCDD/Fs inhalation exposure levels is still poorly understood. This study first reports direct measurement of personal exposure to PCDD/Fs in real-world households with wood combustion. In homes where biomass burning is used for cooking, toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) PCDD/Fs concentrations were found to be 545 ± 251 fg I-TEQ/m 3 in kitchens, with levels of 4.5-, 6.9-, and 13.3-fold higher than those in living rooms (122 ± 92 fg I-TEQ/m 3 ), bedrooms (79 ± 27 fg I-TEQ/ m 3 ), and ambient air (41 ± 15 fg I-TEQ/m 3 ), respectively. PCDD/Fs exposure levels in populations using biomass fuels for cooking (353 ± 110 fg I-TEQ/ m 3 ) were 4.3-fold higher than those in the control groups (82 ± 32 fg I-TEQ/ m 3 ). Additionally, the average cancer risks for biomass cooking person were approximately 3.1-fold higher than those in factory workers. Overall, residents of household that use biomass fuels for cooking have the highest known risk of PCDD/Fs exposure. These results highlight that aiming to mitigate the PCDD/Fs exposure risk in the general population, the focus of dioxin emission source control measures should shift from industrial sectors to residential biomass combustion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Estimation Of Emissionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Extreme Exposure Levels of PCDD/Fs Inhaled from Biomass Burning Activity for Cooking in Typical Rural Households

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In a comprehensive review of emissions from wood boilers, Lavric et al (2004) reported emission factors of 0.2-5.1 ng/kg for uncontaminated wood. In a series of field measurements of domestic heating appliances, Hubner et al (2005) measured levels corresponding to 0.4-81 ng/kg for wood stoves and somewhat lower numbers for boilers. These recent measurements tend to be higher than the ones that were the basis for the emission factors used by Statistics Norway (Finstad et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of wood-based heating in Norway

Solli

Reenaas

Strømman

et al. 2009

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Background, aim, and scope In this study, we evaluate the environmental effects of wood-based household heating. Wood is a significant source of household heating in Norway, and a comparative life cycle assessment of a wood-based heating system using an old and a modern stove was conducted to estimate the total life cycle benefits associated with the change from old to new combustion technology. Materials and methods The study uses a new approach to complete the inventory. Input-output data are used in combination with the Leontief price model to estimate inputs of products and services from the background economy to the birch wood supply chain. Results When comparing new and old stove technology, the results show that the new technology contributes to a significantly improved performance (28-80%) for all types of environmental impact studied. As there is a large share of old wood stoves still in use, replacing the old stoves with new ones can lead to substantial reductions in environmental impacts, especially impacts affecting human health. The use phase, i.e., wood combustion, is responsible for over 60% of the impact within all categories. Both the old and new stove provide heating with emissions of greenhouse gases ranging from one third (new stove, ∼80 g CO 2 -eq/kWh) to half (old stove, ∼110 g CO 2 -eq/kWh) of the impacts compared to electricity use from the Nordic electricity mix (∼210 g CO 2 -eq/kWh) to heat the house.

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“…This practice is deemed problematic from both an environmental and a legal point of view. The combustion of household waste constitutes a major source for high polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) emissions (Hu¨bner et al, 2005). Only small amounts of paper and cardboard may be used to facilitate the lighting of a fire, as provided for by the Clean Air Acts enforced in the Austrian provinces.…”

Section: Ways Of Waste Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste management in mountain refuges - an integrated evaluation

et al. 2010

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Mountain refuges are an excellent example of public stand-alone infrastructures equipped with energy and water supply, and wastewater and waste disposal systems suited to operating under unfavourable conditions, often comprising lengthy distances for transportation or scarce resources. An international project was undertaken to evaluate the existing supply and disposal schemes at 100 mountain refuges both individually and in an integrated manner. On the basis of the results obtained guidelines to be applied in the sustainable planning, construction and operation of supply and disposal systems will be published in the near future. The present article focuses on solid waste management with an aim to the identification, quantification and critical discussion of operational issues and problems relating to waste management in mountain refuges. Transportation represents a crucial factor in terms of costs and climate relevance. The results obtained reveal how waste prevention and composting are capable of reducing waste quantities requiring transportation. However, it was also demonstrated that composting is frequently not performed in an appropriate manner and, although prohibited by law paper and cardboard are frequently burned.

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In-field measurements of PCDD/F emissions from domestic heating appliances for solid fuels

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Extreme Exposure Levels of PCDD/Fs Inhaled from Biomass Burning Activity for Cooking in Typical Rural Households

Extreme Exposure Levels of PCDD/Fs Inhaled from Biomass Burning Activity for Cooking in Typical Rural Households

Life cycle assessment of wood-based heating in Norway

Waste management in mountain refuges - an integrated evaluation

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