In Hemodialysis Patients, Intradialytic Resistance Exercise Improves Osteoblast Function: A Pilot Study

The Effect of Exercise on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review

“…In a study by Kopple et al [ 57 ], a reduction in BMI was detected in all exercising groups irrespective of the type of training, (i.e., −0.3 m/kg 2 in the endurance training group, −1.0 m/kg 2 in the strength training group, and −0.2 m/kg 2 in the combined group), whereas in the control group, BMI increased by 0.1 m/kg 2 at the end of the intervention [ 57 ]. The same outcomes were reported by Marinho et al [ 60 ], where resistance exercise led to a slight reduction (−0.1 m/kg 2 ) of the BMI in the intervention group, while in the non-active group the reduction was found to be higher by 0.2 kg/m 2 at the end of the intervention. Finally, in a study by Liao et al [ 58 ], pedaling on a cycle ergometer during HD did not have any significant effects on BMI, while non-active patients reported a higher BMI (0.24 kg/m 2 ) at the end of the study.…”

“…The assessment of risk of bias was conducted for all the 18 studies. In 11 studies, high or low unclear risk of bias was detected due to the absence of blinding of participants and/or outcome assessment [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 60 , 62 , 64 , 65 ]. Five studies were considered as low or unclear risk of bias because of selective reporting [ 49 , 55 , 57 , 62 , 65 ], and in only three studies high, or unclear risk of bias was detected due to the incomplete outcome of the data [ 55 , 63 , 66 ].…”

“…The effect of exercise on the percentage of body fat (%BF) seemed to vary among the studies included in this systematic review, an effect that can be partially attributed to the type of exercise performed [ 51 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 ]. The results regarding %BF can be found in Table 4 .…”

“…According to Rosa et al [ 62 ] after 12 weeks of follow-up, %BF was reduced, but in non-active subjects the reduction was greater (mean difference −1.23% in the non-active versus −0.71% in the active group) [ 62 ]. Marinho et al [ 60 ] reported a higher reduction in %BF in the intervention group compared to the controls (mean difference −0.9% versus −0.6%, respectively) [ 60 ]. The three types of exercise (endurance cycling, strength, and combined exercise) in the study by Kopple et al [ 57 ] resulted in different outcomes for %BF [ 57 ].…”

“…Incomplete studies, studies with different control groups, studies not in the English language, or published before 2000 were excluded. As a result, 18 RCT studies [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] were characterized as acceptable; details regarding the eligibility process can be found in the flow diagram presented in Figure 1 .…”