B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) are increasingly recognized as prognostic markers in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The need for novel and more effective tools for risk assessment cannot be more emphasized than in older patients with ACS given their atypical presentation, multiple comorbidities, and higher risk for mortality and morbidity. Accurate interpretation of B-type NP values in older patients with ACS, however, may be confounded by several aging-related physiologic changes. Advanced age, reduction in body mass, and kidney function and anemia have been associated with higher BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations, and may create challenges with interpreting NP levels in the elderly. This review highlights the need to better understand the physiology of BNP and NT-proBNP in older individuals and their prognostic value in older patients with ACS.
IntroductionThe prognostic role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains the subject of vigorous investigation reflecting the growing interest in improving risk stratification strategies for affected patients. While a compelling body of evidence demonstrates that these biomarkers independently predict adverse outcomes, a few issues of uncertainty limit their routine use in clinical decision making. One is the question of whether existing evidence can be extrapolated to the older population. This is an important issue as approximately 82% of deaths from coronary artery disease (CAD) occur in individuals age 65 or older. 1 Fundamental to examining the value of BNP and NT-proBNP in older persons with CAD is identifying aging-related factors that may influence their levels. This review summarizes current literature describing the value of these biomarkers in older patients with ACS. The relationship of BNP and NT-proBNP with advanced age and its associated physiologic alterations is also reviewed.