In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundLeptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. It is also an important etiological factor of consequent cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. Hyperleptinemia, on the other hand, may promote the development of age-related abnormalities. While major weight loss has been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperleptinemia, obese people show a poor tendency to achieve lasting success in this field. The question arises whether training intervention per se is able to reduce the level of this adipokine.ObjectivesWe aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. In the studies that were included in our analysis, changes of adiponectin levels (when present) were also evaluated.Data sources3481 records were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database. Altogether 19 articles were suitable for analyses.Study eligibility criteriaEmpirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values.Statistical methodsWe used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. To assess publication bias Egger’s test was applied. In case of significant publication bias, the Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill algorithm was used.ResultsTraining intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone.ConclusionsPhysical training, especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss.

Exploration of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype, fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in healthy men and women

“…2016). Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis showed that leptin concentrations can be reduced by exercise in individuals who are overweight even in the absence of dietary interventions or major weight loss (BMI reduction of > 2.5%) (Rostás et al 2017). Postprandial acylated ghrelin was positively associated with sitting time in men, but this correlation was small in magnitude and would not be considered significant if the stricter threshold of P < 0.005 was applied in line with recent recommendations (Benjamin et al 2017).…”

Changes in Lipoinflammation Markers in People with Obesity after a Concurrent Training Program: A Comparison between Men and Women

“…In numerous studies, people with obesity have conducted different training programs, reporting improvements in the plasmatic levels of leptin [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], with significant decreases. Likewise, a large number of studies have analyzed the effects of different physical exercise programs on the concentrations of adiponectin [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Twelve Weeks of Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Improves Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Enhances Red Blood Cell Hemorheological Function in Obese Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The present study showed a greatly decreased plasma leptin level (−24.31%) in the EXP group. Previous studies have shown that various exercises reduce serum leptin levels [50,51]. One meta-analysis reported that the decrease in leptin levels observed after strict exercise training may be due to enhanced leptin sensitivity and may indicate that the body is establishing a new physiological 'set point' [50].…”

“…One meta-analysis reported that the decrease in leptin levels observed after strict exercise training may be due to enhanced leptin sensitivity and may indicate that the body is establishing a new physiological 'set point' [50]. In parallel with the suppression of leptin levels, exercise training also improves carbohydrate metabolism parameters [51].…”