In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part II: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE on hatching success, morphometric and physiological endpoints in American kestrels

Eng, Margaret L.; Karouna‐Renier, Natalie K.; Henry, Paula F. P.; Letcher, Robert J.; Schultz, Sandra L.; Bean, Thomas G.; Peters, Lisa; Palace, Vince; Williams, Tony; Elliott, John E.; Fernie, Kim J.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Necropsies were performed immediately, and livers were collected for analysis. Egg incubation and exposure specifics are provided in Guigueno et al [ 28 ] and Eng et al [ 22 ]. Genetic sex was determined as described in Eng et al [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg incubation and exposure specifics are provided in Guigueno et al [ 28 ] and Eng et al [ 22 ]. Genetic sex was determined as described in Eng et al [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American kestrel ( Falco sparverius ) is an apex predator and an important toxicological model for predatory birds [ 21 ] with relatively high sensitivity to environmental contaminants. We previously reported disruption of thyroid function and increased oxidative stress in American kestrel hatchlings exposed in ovo to environmentally relevant concentrations of BTBPE, EHTBB, and TBPH [ 22 , 23 ]. Specifically, kestrel hatchlings exposed to EHTBB or TBPH in ovo (range: nominal concentrations 10–100 ng/g egg mass) exhibited lower thyroidal colloid (EHTBB and TBPH), as well as higher plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and lower glandular thyroxine (T4) (EHTBB only) [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, kestrel hatchlings exposed to EHTBB or TBPH in ovo (range: nominal concentrations 10–100 ng/g egg mass) exhibited lower thyroidal colloid (EHTBB and TBPH), as well as higher plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and lower glandular thyroxine (T4) (EHTBB only) [ 23 ]. Additionally, kestrel hatchlings exposed to BTBPE, EHTBB, or TBPH in ovo exhibited altered activity of hepatic deiodinases, enzymes that convert T4 to the biologically active form T3, but the effects of these alternative BFRs on deiodinase activity varied by sex [ 22 , 23 ]. In addition to dysregulation of thyroid signaling, in ovo exposure to BTBPE, EHTBB, and TBPH increases oxidative stress in hatchlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Omics” approaches (e.g., transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, and metabolomics) provide insights into pathway perturbations and can identify potential (eco)toxicological mechanisms of action by measuring differentially expressed genes in response to environmental chemicals [ 24 ]. In the present study, we measured hepatic transcript abundance of 31 genes in the same American kestrel hatchlings exposed to EHTBB, TBPH, or BTBPE in ovo, in which we previously reported increased oxidative stress and thyroid system dysregulation using nongenomic biomarkers [ 22 , 23 ]. Given this previous evidence, we hypothesized that in ovo exposure to BTBPE, EHTBB, and TBPH would affect the mRNA expression of detoxification enzymes and genes related to thyroid signaling, and that these changes would be sex-specific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic Gene Expression Profiling of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) Exposed In Ovo to Three Alternative Brominated Flame Retardants

Goodchild

Karouna‐Renier

Braham

et al. 2022

Biology

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A number of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been reported to interfere with the thyroid signaling pathway and cause oxidative stress in birds, yet the underlying shifts in gene expression associated with these effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured hepatic transcriptional responses of 31 genes in American kestrel (Falco sparverius) hatchlings following in ovo exposure to one of three high-volume alternative BFRs: 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTPBE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), or 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB). Hatchling kestrels exhibited shifts in the expression of genes related to oxidative stress (CYP, GSTA, SOD, and GPX1), thyroid hormone metabolism and transport (DIO1, DIO2, and TTR), lipid and protein metabolism (PPAR, HMGCR, FAB1, and LPL), and cytokine-mediated inflammation (TLR3, IL18, IRF7, STAT3, RACK1, and CEBPB). Male and female hatchlings differed in which genes were differentially expressed, as well as the direction of the effect (up- vs. downregulation). These results build upon our previous findings of increased oxidative stress and disrupted thyroid signaling pathway in the same hatchlings. Furthermore, our results indicate that inflammatory responses appear to occur in female hatchlings exposed to BTBPE and EHTBB in ovo. Gene expression analysis revealed multiple affected pathways, adding to the growing evidence that sublethal physiological effects are complex and are a concern for birds exposed to BTBPE, EHTBB, or TBPH in ovo.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg incubation and exposure specifics are provided in Guigueno et al [ 28 ] and Eng et al [ 22 ]. Genetic sex was determined as described in Eng et al [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%