In-plane and through-thickness permeability models for three-dimensional Interlock fabrics

Vernet, Nicolas; Trochu, F.

doi:10.1177/0021998315597989

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Carbon plain weave reinforcement presents a lower diameter, which contributes to fiber packaging and difficult flow path and generating more voids. 40 In addition, the impregnation difficulty is responsible for defects in the laminates, mainly near laminate end of the composite (red circles). These defects presented attenuation between 80% and 100%, associated to macroscopic voids and other defects, e.g.…”

Section: Processing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different stacking sequences on hybrid carbon/glass/epoxy composites laminate: Thermal, dynamic mechanical and long-term behavior

Vidal¹,

Ornaghi²,

Ornaghi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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In the present study, different stacking sequences on hybrid carbon/glass/epoxy composites laminate were examined in relation to thermal, dynamic mechanical and long-term behavior. A positive hybrid effect was found for both hybrid composites (interleaved-Hybrid 1 and in block-Hybrid 2) showing that in some cases hybrid composites can properly replace carbon or glass composites. The composite containing all glass fiber in the middle (Hybrid 2) presented similar thermal behavior when compared to glass fiber composite. All hybrid composites presented higher storage modulus when compared to glass composite. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that both hybrids can satisfactorily perform the requirement in a wide temperature range. The long-term prediction was successfully applied for all composites, showing to be highly temperature-dependent. Hence, depending on the application requirement, both hybrids can be used, saving weight and cost.

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Section: Processing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different stacking sequences on hybrid carbon/glass/epoxy composites laminate: Thermal, dynamic mechanical and long-term behavior

Vidal¹,

Ornaghi²,

Ornaghi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Based on the finite element model of this literature [17,18,20], the 2.5D woven preform was regarded as a porous material with a definite geometry. The flow of resin in the fabric unit cell consisted of the micro-flow of resin in the interior of yarn and the meso-flow between the yarns, as depicted in Figure 6a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen [14] used a dual-scale model to predict the fabric permeability, and the results showed that the permeabilities of fabrics with the same fiber volume fractions were not necessarily the same. Investigators [15,16,17,18] have established theoretical models to predict the permeabilities of three-dimensional orthogonal and angle-interlock woven fabrics and provided experimental validation of these models. However, the effect of shear deformation on the fabric permeability was not considered in the studies mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Shear Deformation on Permeability of 2.5D Woven Preform

et al. 2019

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The accurate prediction of the permeability is the key to optimizing the molding process of fiber reinforced composites, thus to improve the composite quality, and reduce the material and labor costs in the manufacturing process. In this paper, the permeability of 2.5D woven preform with shear deformation was studied by experiments and numerical simulations. The permeabilities of the samples under various shear angles were measured by the radial flow method. An RVE (representative volume element) model based on the fabric microstructure and shear deformation is developed to predict the permeability of preform and the simulation results are compared with experiments value to verify the effectiveness of this model. Using this model, the effect of the fiber volume fraction on the permeability of the 2.5D woven preform was determined. Based on the structural characteristics, experimental and simulation results of the 2.5D woven preform, an empirical equation for predicting its permeability under shear deformation was formulated. The prediction accuracy of the equation was evaluated, and the equation was used to determine the change of permeability with shear deformation for the 2.5D woven preform.

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“…The permeability of 3D fabrics was widely investigated in recent years. [10][11][12][13] In a previous work, 14 an analytical model was elaborated to predict the in-plane and through-thickness permeability of 3D interlock fabrics. The first part of this model predicts the average inter-tow mesoscopic pore dimensions such as their height, width, and length along a cross section, and the pore distribution along the warp, weft, and through-thickness directions of five different reinforcements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the present study is to investigate experimentally the mesoscopic pore size and distribution for the five 3D interlock fabrics considered in order to provide accurate input data to complete the validation of the model developed in Vernet and Trochu. 14 To achieve this goal, our investigation is divided in two main stages: (1) the experimental analysis of the pore dimensions; and (2) the application of the second part of the model developed in Vernet and Trochu 14 using the experimentally observed pore dimensions instead of the analytical predictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mesoscopic pore size in 3D-interlock fabrics and validation of a predictive permeability model

Vernet

Trochu

2015

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This paper reports an experimental investigation aiming to validate a predictive model of in-plane and transverse permeability for three-dimensional interlock fabrics as a function of fabric architecture. Composite specimens were fabricated and cut to conduct microscopic observations of pore dimensions for five three-dimensional interlock fabrics compressed to a fiber volume content of 58%. The pore cross-section height and width, the number of pores and the pore tortuosity were measured to evaluate an average pore size and distribution along the warp and weft directions for each fabric considered. The changes of these geometrical parameters are analyzed as a function of the fabric structure. A previously developed permeability analytical model is applied using the geometrical characteristics derived from the experimental observations. This allows comparing the experimental permeability to the theoretical predictions of the model and to the values calculated by the same model from the experimentally observed pore dimensions at the considered fiber volume content of 58%. The good agreement obtained in all cases between the measured and calculated values of permeability confirms the validity of the proposed analytical model.

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In-plane and through-thickness permeability models for three-dimensional Interlock fabrics

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of different stacking sequences on hybrid carbon/glass/epoxy composites laminate: Thermal, dynamic mechanical and long-term behavior

Effect of different stacking sequences on hybrid carbon/glass/epoxy composites laminate: Thermal, dynamic mechanical and long-term behavior

The Effect of Shear Deformation on Permeability of 2.5D Woven Preform

Analysis of mesoscopic pore size in 3D-interlock fabrics and validation of a predictive permeability model

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