In Search of a Consensus Terminology in the Field of Platelet Concentrates for Surgical Use: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), Fibrin Gel Polymerization and Leukocytes

Abstract

In the field of platelet concentrates for surgical use, most products are termed Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). Unfortunately, this term is very general and incomplete, leading to many confusions in the scientific database. In this article, a panel of experts discusses this issue and proposes an accurate and simple terminology system for platelet concentrates for surgical use. Four main categories of products can be easily defined, depending on their leukocyte content and fibrin architecture: Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP), such as cell separator PRP, Vivostat PRF or Anitua's PRGF; Leukocyteand Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP), such as Curasan, Regen, Plateltex, SmartPReP, PCCS, Magellan, Angel or GPS PRP; Pure Plaletet-Rich Fibrin (P-PRF), such as Fibrinet; and Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF), such as Choukroun's PRF. P-PRP and L-PRP refer to the unactivated liquid form of these products, their activated versions being respectively named P-PRP gels and L-PRP gels. The purpose of this search for a terminology consensus is to plead for a more serious characterization of these products. Researchers have to be aware of the complex nature of these living biomaterials, in order to avoid misunderstandings and erroneous conclusions. Understanding the biomaterials or believing in the magic of growth factors ? From this choice depends the future of the field.

Efficacy of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich plasma gel (L‐PRP gel) in treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model

“…9 The tissue regeneration effects are attributed to the higher autologous growth factors content, which could be released by platelets under the activation of thrombin. [10][11][12] Platelets in L-PRP gel secrete not only growth factors but also many other biologically active substances, such as antimicrobial polypeptides. 13 L-PRP gel is also a concentration of leukocytes, which play a main role in the immune system and have antibacterial effects.…”

Release of transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet derived growth factor type AB from canine platelet gels obtained by the tube method and activated with calcium salts

“…In general, PC with platelet count 1.3 to 3 fold and WBC count similar or slightly inferior to the whole blood values are considered as pure-platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) (Dohan Ehrenfest et al 2011). On the other hand, when PC present a platelet count 4 fold or more and WBC count 2 fold or more compared to the basal count of these cells in whole blood, these PC are considered as leukocyte-platelet rich plasma (L-PRP) (Dohan Ehrenfest et al 2011). When both PRP are activated with calcium salts or thrombin a PG is formed.…”

Trombosi̇t Konsantreleri̇ni̇n Di̇şeti̇ Çeki̇lmeleri̇ni̇n Tedavi̇si̇ Amaciyla Kullanimlari: Derleme

“…Choukroun tarafından tanıtılan TZF lökosit içermekte-dir. 4,[28][29] Bu sınıflamaya göre A-PRF, T-TZF ve KBF solid yapıda olmalarından dolayı TZF olarak da tanım-lanabilirler veya ayrı bir sınıflama sistemi oluşturulması gerekebilir.…”