In search of a sustainable hydrogen economy: How a large-scale transition to hydrogen may affect the primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions

Hetland, Jens; Mulder, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.011

Cited by 59 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, these analyses generally use simplified spatial representations of hydrogen demand and distribution networks. In particular, significant work has been conducted as part of the European HySociety project [23][24][25]. Two studies have also been conducted that use GIS to model hydrogen refueling station deployment for the entire U.S. at a coarse scale [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-based assessment of coal-based hydrogen infrastructure deployment in the state of Ohio

Johnson

Yang

Ogden

2008

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-based assessment of coal-based hydrogen infrastructure deployment in the state of Ohio

Johnson

Yang

Ogden

2008

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Only for the smallest systems (approximately 100 kg/day and less) did this sensitivity reverse such that capital cost overtook electricity cost as being the primary factor [5]. This assessment of the major cost factors for hydrogen produced from electrolysis is confirmed in reports from Europe [20,21,22,23,24], where the cost of electricity in some countries makes electrolysis untenable economically. Capital cost of both electrolyzers and hydrogen infrastructure could be a big hindrance as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Wind-To-Hydrogen Project: Electrolyzer Capital Cost Study

Saur

2008

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“…An average of 50 million metric tons of hydrogen are produced globally per annum, and countries like the United States (US) and China are amongst the largest producers of hydrogen [5,6,[14][15][16][17][18] as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: [Figure 2 Below] Global Hydrogen Supply and Demand Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 76-77% of hydrogen produced is derived from natural gas and oil (Naphtha), while 19-20% is produced from coal and only a small fraction (3-4%) is produced from renewable sources [9,17]. Over the last decade there has been significant academic and broader intellectual interest in the prospects of a future hydrogen economy.…”

Section: [Figure 3 Below]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sankey-Diagram-based insights into the hydrogen economy of today

Bakenne

Nuttall

Kazantzis

2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

106

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Many posit a distinct role for hydrogen within the purview of a future low-carbon, renewables-based transportation system. However, hydrogen is already established as an important energy resource and industrial product displaying versatility of uses and roles in the energy system. In this work, we develop and present an original Sankey-Diagram-based analytical framework aiming at identifying and characterizing key structural aspects of the real hydrogen economy as it exists today (2004 -2015). We include global hydrogen demand and supply, assorted energy flows, as well as the costs of production and we consider value flows. We suggest that potentially evolutionary trends can be insightfully elucidated via a systems perspective on the existing global hydrogen economy. Perhaps counterintuitively, we build upon suggestions that the best prospects for the evolutionary emergence of a robust hydrogen economy could arise in a world of cheap and abundant oil rather than in a world of oil scarcity and rising fossil fuel prices. Furthermore, in the long term (2050), if global oil supply continues to be ample and environmental pressures intensify, then there will be a need for new and more aggressive energy policies and enhanced pressure for rapid technological innovation including in the domain of hydrogen. The information presented in this paper, however, reminds us of the situation as it applies today. Approximately 96% of global hydrogen is a product of fossil fuel, while 35% is required by the fossil fuel industry for its own purposes. This indirect connection between hydrogen economy and global fossil fuel industry will continue to shape the future of hydrogen economy for decades to come. Currently, over $107 billion/annum is spent globally by the petrochemical industry in producing hydrogen, suggesting the scale as well as the irreducible aspects and inherent synergies associated with the aforementioned connection

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In search of a sustainable hydrogen economy: How a large-scale transition to hydrogen may affect the primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions

Cited by 59 publications

References 4 publications

A GIS-based assessment of coal-based hydrogen infrastructure deployment in the state of Ohio

A GIS-based assessment of coal-based hydrogen infrastructure deployment in the state of Ohio

Wind-To-Hydrogen Project: Electrolyzer Capital Cost Study

Sankey-Diagram-based insights into the hydrogen economy of today

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