In search of the active chlorine species on Ti/ZrO2-RuO2-Sb2O3 anodes using DEMS and XPS

Palma‐Goyes, Ricardo E.; Vazquez‐Arenas, Jorge; Ostos, C.; Manzo-Robledo, A.; Romero‐Ibarra, Issis C.; Calderón, Jorge A.; González, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.114

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In line with the anode material and the electrolyte pH herein used, it is plausible to propose the following mechanism based on a recent study by R. E. Palma‐Goyes et al. conducted with differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS): $\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\rm M}{{\rm O}}_{x}+{{{\rm H}}_{2}{\rm O}}_{\left({\rm l}\right)}\to {{{\rm M}{{\rm O}}_{x}({\rm H}}_{2}{\rm O})}_{ads}\hfill\cr}}$

true {H C l O}_{(a q)} \leftrightarrow {C l O}_{((), a, q)}^{-} + H_{((), a, q)}^{+} {p K}_{a} = 7.5

true normalM O_{x} {(normalH normalO normalC normall)}_{a d s} \to normalM O_{x} + {H C l O}_{(a q)}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

et al. 2018

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A microwave-assisted solvothermal method is proposed as a rapid and low-cost fabrication procedure of RuO 2 nanoparticles using citric acid as stabilizing agent in ethylene glycol, and H 2 O 2 as oxidizing agent at 180°C. Structural and morphological characterizations of the powder are investigated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis shows that there is a synergic effect to obtain RuO 2 nanoparticles when 6% v/v H 2 O 2 is added followed by a calcination of the powder, due to reactive oxygen intermediates ( 1 O 2 , HO À 2 , HO * 2 , * OH) generated in the first stage. TEM and SEM images of assynthesized material exhibit an uniform particle distribution (PSD) of RuO 2 nanoparticles with averaged diameter of ca. 38 nm, and its indexing indicates the RuO 2 stoichiometry with high degree of crystallinity. The preliminary electrocatalytic performance of RuO 2 nanoparticles coated on Ti is investigated using voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), towards the oxygen (OER) and chlorine evolution reaction (CER) in 1 mol L À 1 H 2 SO 4 and 0.1 mol L À 1 NaCl, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of RuO 2 display typical behaviors for OER and CER at 1.25 and 1.1 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. A Tafel slope of 44 mV dec À 1 corrected for ohmic drop was obtained in sulfate media which confirmed the OER mechanism in the absence of chlorides; while this parameter is around 25 mV dec À 1 in NaCl (CER), strongly depending on the chloride concentration and the extent of OER input. In NaCl media, the energy barriers represented by the charge transfer resistances for CER are overcome at more positive potentials than for OER, and a greater activity of the O 2 evolution is observed as the potential became more positive.

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true {H C l O}_{(a q)} \leftrightarrow {C l O}_{((), a, q)}^{-} + H_{((), a, q)}^{+} {p K}_{a} = 7.5

true normalM O_{x} {(normalH normalO normalC normall)}_{a d s} \to normalM O_{x} + {H C l O}_{(a q)}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

et al. 2018

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“…The results (Figure 5A and Figure S1) show that, compared with the pure ZrO 2 NPs, the chemical state of Zr in the Zn–ZrO 2 system remains unchanged but induces the O1s binding energy to increase from 530 to 530.4 eV. It can also be observed that the position of the Zr 2p peak shifts toward a lower direction compared to the bare ZrO 2 , which indicates that Zn ions do have an effect on the ZrO 2 lattice [33,34]. For Zn, in the XPS spectra of Zn 2p (Figure 5B), we observe two obvious peaks at 1021.8 and 1044.9 eV, which indicate the Zn 2p 3/2 and Zn 2p 1/2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties of ZrO2 Nanoparticles by Zn Doping

Mao

Wang

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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In this study, ZrO2 and Zn–ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a series of Zn ion doping amounts were synthesized by the sol-gel process and utilized as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). After absorbing the probing molecule 4–mercaptobenzoic acid, the SERS signal intensities of Zn–ZrO2 NPs were all greater than that of the pure ZrO2. The 1% Zn doping concentration ZrO2 NPs exhibited the highest SERS enhancement, with an enhancement factor (EF) value of up to 104. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ultraviolet (UV) photoelectron spectrometer, UV–vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the properties of Zn–ZrO2 NPs and explore the mechanisms behind the SERS phenomenon. The charge transfer (CT) process is considered to be responsible for the SERS performance of 4–MBA adsorbed on Zn–ZrO2. The results of this study demonstrate that an appropriate doping ratio of Zn ions can promote the charge transfer process between ZrO2 NPs and probe molecules and significantly improve the SERS properties of ZrO2 substrates.

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“…On the other hand, the utilized anode cannot oxidize sulfate ions, but this induces oxidation of water, producing the oxygen evolution (as denoted by Equations 7-9) [21]. It should be mentioned that the oxygen evolution on our DSA is diminished in the presence of chloride and favored by the sulfate ion [24], [25].…”

Section: Effect Of Applied Current Density and Electrolyte Type On The Electrochemical Generation Of Reactive Chlorine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On the other hand, when NaCl was used as an electrolyte (blue line), a wave around 0.7 V was recorded (this can also be associated with the direct oxidation of ACE on the anode surface). Furthermore, the peak at ~1.5 V corresponds to the mix of OER and chlorine evolution reaction (both water and chloride oxidations occur at very close potentials, and as the water concentration is much higher than Cl -, the OER peak masks the chloride oxidation; thus only a big signal is observed, [24], [25]).…”

Section: Degradation Of Ace By the Electrochemical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect electrochemical degradation of acetaminophen: process performance, pollutant transformation, and matrix effects evaluation

Serna-Galvis

Palma‐Goyes

Torres-Palma

et al. 2021

Rev.Fac.Ing.Univ.Antioquia

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Acetaminophen (ACE), a highly consumed pharmaceutical, was degraded in aqueous matrices by reactive chlorine species (RCS) electrogenerated using Ti/IrO2 electrodes. Although this pollutant has been extensively treated by electrochemical techniques, little information is known about its degradation in fresh urine by electrogenerated RCS, and the understanding of its transformations using analyses of atomic charge. In this work, these two topics were discussed. Initially, the effect of current (10-40 mA) and supporting electrolyte (considering typical ions present in surface water and urine (Cl- and SO42-)) on the electrochemical system was evaluated. Then, the kinetics and primary transformations products involved in the elimination of ACE were described. It was found that, in distilled water, the process at 40 mA in NaCl presence led to 100 % of ACE degradation (10 min, 0.056 Ah L-1). Theoretical analyses of atomic charge for ACE indicated that the amide group is the most susceptible to attacks by RCS such as HOCl. On the other hand, degradation of acetaminophen in synthetic fresh urine was slower (21% of degradation after 60 min of treatment) than in distilled water. This was attributed to the other substances in the urine matrix, which induce competition for the degrading RCS.

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In search of the active chlorine species on Ti/ZrO2-RuO2-Sb2O3 anodes using DEMS and XPS

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties of ZrO2 Nanoparticles by Zn Doping

Indirect electrochemical degradation of acetaminophen: process performance, pollutant transformation, and matrix effects evaluation

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In search of the active chlorine species on Ti/ZrO2-RuO2-Sb2O3 anodes using DEMS and XPS

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO2 Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO2 Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties of ZrO2 Nanoparticles by Zn Doping

Indirect electrochemical degradation of acetaminophen: process performance, pollutant transformation, and matrix effects evaluation

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Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions

Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal One‐Pot Synthesis of RuO₂ Nanoparticles: First Insights of Its Activity Towards Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution Reactions