In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation

Gualano, Bruno; Roschel, Hamilton; Lancha, Antônio Herbert; Brightbill, Charles E.; Rawson, Eric S.

doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1132-7

Cited by 140 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…increases in gene expression and glycogen storage) may extend its value to other sports or exercise scenarios [126]. Creatine supplementation may have important clinical roles and benefits to ageing populations [127]. Despite publicity around safety aspects, careful studies of established creatine supplementation protocols have not found evidence of increased health risks4 and have reported reduced rather than increased prevalence of muscle damage or impaired thermoregulation associated with exercise [128].…”

Section: Traditional Sports Supplements -The Ones That Still Work In mentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Hamilton

Philp

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

178

118

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Despite over 50 years of research, the field of sports nutrition continues to grow at a rapid rate. Whilst the traditional research focus was one that centred on strategies to maximize competition performance, emerging data in the last decade has demonstrated how both macronutrient and micronutrient availability can play a prominent role in regulating those cell signalling pathways that modulate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. Nonetheless, in the context of exercise performance, it is clear that carbohydrate (but not fat) still remains king and that carefully chosen ergogenic aids (e.g. caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrates) can all promote performance in the correct exercise setting. In relation to exercise training, however, it is now thought that strategic periods of reduced carbohydrate and elevated dietary protein intake may enhance training adaptations whereas high carbohydrate availability and antioxidant supplementation may actually attenuate training adaptation. Emerging evidence also suggests that vitamin D may play a regulatory role in muscle regeneration and subsequent hypertrophy following damaging forms of exercise. Finally, novel compounds (albeit largely examined in rodent models) such as epicatechins, nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, phosphatidic acid and ursolic acid may also promote or attenuate skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and strength training. When taken together, it is clear that sports nutrition is very much at the heart of the Olympic motto, Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger).

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Section: Traditional Sports Supplements -The Ones That Still Work In mentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Hamilton

Philp

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

178

118

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“…Dentre os resultados positivos já encontrados com a utilização da creatina, estão a melhora entre portadores de miopatias inflamatórias, distrofias musculares, síndromes de deficiência em creatina, condicionamento pré e pós isquêmico, déficit cognitivo e também a melhora no desempenho de praticantes de atividade física e atletas 3,7 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Creatina e treinamento resistido: efeito na hidratação e massa corporal magra

Zanelli

Cordeiro

Beserra

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: a creatina é um recurso ergogênico cuja suplementação tem sido associada ao aumento da hidratação corporal total e ao aumento da massa muscular dos consumidores. Entretanto, estudiosos questionam se o aumento da massa muscular é um ganho real. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da suplementação de creatina sobre a hidratação e o aumento de massa magra em indivíduos previamente treinados e não treinados, submetidos a um programa de treinamento resistido. Métodos: ensaio clínico não randomizado, constituído por três momentos, M1 -Início da suplementação com 20g/dia de creatina; M2 -7 dias após iniciada a suplementação e redução da suplementação para 5g/dia; M3 -28 dias de suplementação. Nos momentos propostos, foram realizadas aferições de peso, estatura e avaliação da composição corporal (massa magra, água corporal total) com a utilização do BYODINAMICS® Modelo 310. Para todos os testes estatísticos, foi adotado o nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Resultados: participaram desse estudo 14 voluntários adultos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 22,57(±1,45) anos, dos quais sete eram treinados e sete não treinados. Após 28 dias de suplementação, no grupo treinado observou-se um aumento significativo no peso, água corporal total, massa magra e hidratação da massa magra, mas nenhum aumento significativo foi observado no grupo não treinado. Em relação ao ângulo de fase, este aumentou no grupo não treinado e reduziu no grupo treinado. Conclusão: a suplementação de creatina associada ao treinamento resistido é mais efetiva na hidratação de indivíduos treinados, como também é suficiente para reduzir a diferença significativa do ângulo de fase intergrupos, sugerindo assim, maior hidratação celular em ambos os grupos. Contudo, esse aumento na hidratação não revelou aumento significativo no tecido muscular. Palavras

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“…Due to the vast importance of PC and creatine for metabolism, this point of control is interesting. Indeed, the clinical applications of creatine supplementation are mounting (Deminice et al, 2011;2015;Gualano et al, 2012), and thus creatine supplementation might be a strategy to ensure methyl availability for PC synthesis via PEMT, and to mitigate the effects of choline restriction (Deminice et al, 2015), which frequently occurs within the population (Zeisel and da Costa, 2009 …”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, creatine is among the most popular dietary supplements in the world that is especially prevalent in athletes to increase intramuscular availability of phosphocreatine (Harris et al, 1992). More recently, creatine supplementation has emerged as a potential treatment for numerous pathologies including cancer, lupus, arthritis, type II diabetes and various neuropathies (Gualano et al, 2012). The effectiveness of supplementation of creatine has remained controversial as healthy individuals have the endogenous capacity to synthesize creatine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

Robinson

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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The metabolism of the indispensable amino acid methionine is critical during development. Methionine is used to synthesize protein for growth and, using the methionine cycle, it is the precursor of >50 critical nutrients and contributes to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the dietary methionine requirement must factor all the potential roles of methioine. Three major processes summarize the methionine cycle: transmethylation (TM), which transfers methyl groups to nutrient precursors and DNA; transsulfuration (TS), which represents methionine disposal; and remethylation (RM), which resynthesizes methionine using the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). Dietary intakes of folate vary drastically, and choline intakes are often below the adequate intakes during preganancy and in early life, which we hypothesized would influence the methionine requirement. To test our hypothesis, we fed 4--8 day old neonatal piglets a low--methionine diet that was either deficient (MD-), or replete (MS+), in dietary methyl donors. We evaluated how methionine was balanced between the major TM reactions and protein synthesis. The MD-group exhibited marked differences in TM as creatine synthesis was ≈30% less (p<0.05), and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was ≈60% more (p<0.05) during MD-feeding. Interestingly, while MD-feeding did not affect liver protein synthesis, the methionine availablity and protein synthesis were lower in skeletal muscle of the MD-vs. MS+ animals (p<0.05). Furthermore, whole body protein turnover was also reduced during MD-feeding (p<0.05), which is significant as protein turnover is especially critical during infancy. Next, we measured the effect of methyl donors on the rates of TM, TS, and RM. The rates of RM and TM were iii reduced by ≈75% in the MD-group (p<0.05), while TS was unchanged. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of individual methyl donors on RM, we 'rescued' a second group of MD-animals with betaine (MD+B), folate (MD+F) or both (MD+FB). The rate of RM and TM increased by ≈2--fold after rescue (p<0.05) and reduced protein breakdown (p<0.05). These studies showed that dietary methyl donors affect neonatal methionine metabolism, which should be considered when defining the dietary requirements of methionine during development.iv

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In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation

Cited by 140 publications

References 92 publications

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

Creatina e treinamento resistido: efeito na hidratação e massa corporal magra

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

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