In Situ and Real-Time Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of the Stability of Oligothiophene Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers in Liquid

Abstract

Oligothiophene thin films have been considered as promising material for molecular electronics due to their desirable electronic properties and high structural stability under ambient conditions. To ensure performance in devices the functional structures, such as individual ordered domains, must be stable under practical and operational conditions or environments including exposure to various media. This work investigates the structure of oligothiophene Langmuir− Blodgett (LB) films upon exposure to liquid media such as water, ethanol (EtOH), and mixed tetrahydrofuran (THF)/EtOH solutions. The LB films form islands ranging from 500 nm up to 1 μm consisting of densely packed oligothiophene molecules. These islands are surrounded by bare substrate and loosely packed adsorbates. In situ and time-dependent AFM images were acquired to reveal the structural evolution, from which degradation pathways and kinetics are extracted. Degradation of these LB films initiates and propagates from intraisland defect sites, such as cracks and pin holes, whereas the edges of islands remain intact on the surface. The observations appear to be in contrast to the known degradation mechanism among self-assembled monolayers, such as alkanethiols on gold, which initiates and progresses at domain boundaries. Rationale for the observed degradation processes will also be discussed.

Engineered Nanostructures of Haptens Lead to Unexpected Formation of Membrane Nanotubes Connecting Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells

“…Gold thin films on mica were produced following previous protocols. − Briefly, gold was deposited onto freshly cleaved mica surfaces in a high-vacuum evaporator (model DV502-A, Denton Vacuum, Moorestown, NJ, USA) at a base pressure below 2 × 10 –6 Torr. The typical evaporation rates were 3 Å/s, and the thickness of the gold films was controlled at 150 nm.…”