Heterogeneous catalytic reductive
amination of biomass-based carbonyl
compounds is a highly attractive strategy to realize green and sustainable
amine synthesis under mild conditions. Herein, N
1,N
1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine,
a key side chain of chloroquine pharmaceuticals, was highly selectively
synthesized through the reductive amination of 5-diethylamino-2-pentanone
on active Ni
x
Al nanocatalysts with different
Ni/Al molar ratios prepared by the simple co-precipitation method.
The Ni1Al catalyst presented the highest target diamine
product yield (up to 99%) among the Ni
x
Al catalysts. This catalyst also exhibited remarkable stability in
a fixed-bed reactor without deactivation after 200 h of continuous
operation, thanks to its good anti-sintering and anti-oxidation properties.
Systematic structure characterizations and catalytic activity tests
showed that their catalytic activity depended sensitively on the Ni/Al
molar ratio, which governed the dispersion, reducibility, and surface
acidity of the catalysts. The synergic catalysis of highly dispersed
active Ni0 nanoparticles with abundant adjacent surface
Lewis acidic sites accounted for the outstanding catalytic performance
of the Ni1Al catalyst. Moreover, such novel catalysts also
presented high activity in the reductive amination of several other
biomass-derived aldehydes and ketones to produce the corresponding
amines, achieving 91–99% yields under mild conditions of 80–100
°C and 1–2 MPa.