In situ electrochemical polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for peripheral nerve interfaces

Murbach, Jamie M.; Currlin, Seth; Widener, Adrienne E.; Tong, Yuxin; Chhatre, Shrirang; Subramanian, Vivek; Martin, David C.; Johnson, Blake N.; Otto, Kevin J.

doi:10.1557/mrc.2018.138

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The authors showed that 50% of the cells exposed to EDOT (0.1 m ) remained viable after 72 h and that the neurons were still intact 3 h after the electropolymerization. This strategy proved applicable to the in situ injection of electrodes within individual peripheral nerves …”

Section: Physical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well‐known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility—a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin—toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular‐ or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large‐area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution‐processable printing techniques (e.g., roll‐to‐roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.

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Section: Physical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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“…[191] Murbach et al electropolymerized EDOT in peripheral nerves directly to generate a soft, injectable conductive polymer electrode that is capable of bi-directional communication. [192] Innovations in enhancing and diversifying the mechanical and electrical properties of conducting polymer materials will foster the development of novel wearable and implantable sensor devices for neuroelectronic applications.…”

Section: Recent Materials Innovations: Development Of Pedot-based Stretchable Devices and Complementary Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDOT:PSS‐Based Bioelectronic Devices for Recording and Modulation of Electrophysiological and Biochemical Cell Signals

Liang

Offenhäusser

Ingebrandt

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

121

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To understand the physiology and pathology of electrogenic cells and the corresponding tissue in their full complexity, the quantitative investigation of the transmission of ions as well as the release of chemical signals is important. Organic (semi-) conducting materials and in particular organic electrochemical transistor are gaining in importance for the investigation of electrophysiological and recently biochemical signals due to their synthetic nature and thus chemical diversity and modifiability, their biocompatible and compliant properties, as well as their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity featuring ion-to-electron conversion. Here, the aim is to summarize recent progress on the development of bioelectronic devices utilizing polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to interface electronics and biological matter including microelectrode arrays, neural cuff electrodes, organic electrochemical transistors, PEDOT:PSS-based biosensors, and organic electronic ion pumps. Finally, progress in the material development is summarized for the improvement of polymer conductivity, stretchability, higher transistor transconductance, or to extend their field of application such as cation sensing or metabolite recognition. This survey of recent trends in PEDOT:PSS electrophysiological sensors highlights the potential of this multifunctional material to revolve current technology and to enable long-lasting, multichannel polymer probes for simultaneous recordings of electrophysiological and biochemical signals from electrogenic cells.

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“…Living cells and tissues exhibit and respond to electrical potentials in the form of naturally occurring bioelectricity, important for tissue development and regeneration, or exogenously delivered electric current via, for example, electrodes as medical devices . Cellular responses include galvanotaxis, increased intracellular calcium concentration, extracellular matrix assembly, and associated cell proliferation and differentiation .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Neural Tissues from Neural Stem Cells Using Conductive Biogel and Printed Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for 3D Electrical Stimulation

Tomaskovic-Crook

Zhang

Ahtiainen

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Electricity is important in the physiology and development of human tissues such as embryonic and fetal development, and tissue regeneration for wound healing. Accordingly, electrical stimulation (ES) is increasingly being applied to influence cell behavior and function for a biomimetic approach to in vitro cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, the application of conductive polymer (CP) poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) pillars is described, direct‐write printed in an array format, for 3D ES of maturing neural tissues that are derived from human neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are initially encapsulated within a conductive polysaccharide‐based biogel interfaced with the CP pillar microelectrode arrays (MEAs), followed by differentiation in situ to neurons and supporting neuroglia during stimulation. Electrochemical properties of the pillar electrodes and the biogel support their electrical performance. Remarkably, stimulated constructs are characterized by widespread tracts of high‐density mature neurons and enhanced maturation of functional neural networks. Formation of tissues using the 3D MEAs substantiates the platform for advanced clinically relevant neural tissue induction, with the system likely amendable to diverse cell types to create other neural and non‐neural tissues. The platform may be useful for both research and translation, including modeling tissue development, function and dysfunction, electroceuticals, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.

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In situ electrochemical polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for peripheral nerve interfaces

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

PEDOT:PSS‐Based Bioelectronic Devices for Recording and Modulation of Electrophysiological and Biochemical Cell Signals

Human Neural Tissues from Neural Stem Cells Using Conductive Biogel and Printed Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for 3D Electrical Stimulation

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