In situ growth rate experiments on the symbiont-bearing foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera and Amphisorus hemprichii

Kuile, B. ter; Erez, Jonathan

doi:10.2113/gsjfr.14.4.262

Cited by 87 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Explainations of box and whisker plots are given in Fig. 2, circles present outliers (ter Kuile and Erez 1984;Hallock et al 1986). On the other hand, the response of growth and calcification in benthic Foraminifera may be decoupled with respect to the effect of pCO 2 and the reaction might be species specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wells where M. vertebralis were lost were excluded from the data set, as were wells where mechanical damage to the specimens occurred. Growth rates (% d -1 ) were determined following the equation of ter Kuile and Erez (1984). Average initial surface area of analysed specimens did not deviate between treatments both with respect to the mean values and the variance (H. depressa: one-way ANOVA, F 1,143 = 0.29, p = 0.8346; Levene's Test, F 3,142 = 1.22, p = 0.304; M. vertebralis: one-way ANOVA, F 1,57 = 1.10, p = 0.3559; Levene's Test, F 3,53 = 1.077, p = 0.366).…”

Section: Survivorship and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

2014

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Warming and changes in ocean carbonate chemistry alter marine coastal ecosystems at an accelerating pace. The interaction between these stressors has been the subject of recent studies on reef organisms such as corals, bryozoa, molluscs, and crustose coralline algae. Here we investigated the combined effects of elevated sea surface temperatures and pCO 2 on two species of photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera: Heterostegina depressa (hosting diatoms) and Marginopora vertebralis (hosting dinoflagellates). The effects of single and combined stressors were studied by monitoring survivorship, growth, and physiological parameters, such as respiration, photochemistry (pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and oxygen production), and chl a content. Specimens were exposed in flow-through aquaria for up to seven weeks to combinations of two pCO 2 (*790 and *490 latm) and two temperature (28 and 31°C) regimes. Elevated temperature had negative effects on the physiology of both species. Elevated pCO 2 had negative effects on growth and apparent photosynthetic rate in H.depressa but a positive effect on effective quantum yield. With increasing pCO 2 , chl a content decreased in H. depressa and increased in M. vertebralis. The strongest stress responses were observed when the two stressors acted in combination. An interaction term was statistically significant in half of the measured parameters. Further exploration revealed that 75 % of these cases showed a synergistic (= larger than additive) interaction between the two stressors. These results indicate that negative physiological effects on photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera are likely to be stronger under simultaneous acidification and temperature rise than what would be expected from the effect of each of the stressors individually.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Survivorship and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

2014

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“…These data suggest that symbiont photosynthesis is critical to both nutrition and chamber calcification. Elevated light intensity promotes growth in G. sacculifer (Caron et al, 1982) but not in the benthic foraminifera A. lobifera in which both photosynthesis and calcification are optimal at relatively low light intensities that are found at 20-30 m water depth (Erez, 1978;Ter Kuile and Erez, 1984).…”

Section: Chamber Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some planktonic species have been reported to increase the weight of their shell by 13-15% a day (G. sacculifer; Erez, 1983), but this may vary with environmental conditions (Ter Kuile and Erez, 1984 and references therein). Secondly, chamber addition rates vary over a foraminifera's lifetime, decreasing as the individual ages (Ter Kuile and Erez, 1984). Calcite precipitation rates during chamber addition, on the other hand, are much higher and vary between 0.4 and 0.9 μg/h in the planktonic foraminifera G. sacculifer (Anderson and Faber, 1984), 0.06-0.32 μg/h in O. universa (Lea et al, 1995) and~10 μg/h in the benthic A. tepida (De Nooijer et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Chamber Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization in perforate foraminifera

Nooijer

Spero

Erez

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

Self Cite

210

190

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oIn this paper, we review the current understanding of biomineralization in perforate foraminifera. Ideas on the mechanisms responsible for the flux of Ca 2+ and inorganic carbon from seawater into the test were originally based on light and electron microscopic observations of calcifying foraminifera. From the 1980s onward, tracer experiments, fluorescent microscopy and high-resolution test geochemical analysis have added to existing calcification models. Despite recent insights, no general consensus on the physiological basis of foraminiferal biomineralization exists. Current models include seawater vacuolization, transmembrane ion transport, involvement of organic matrices and/or pH regulation, although the magnitude of these controls remain to be quantified. Disagreement between currently available models may be caused by the use of different foraminiferal species as subject for biomineralization experiments and/or lack of a more systematic approach to study (dis)similarities between taxa. In order to understand foraminiferal controls on element incorporation and isotope fractionation, and thereby improve the value of foraminifera as paleoceanographic proxies, it is necessary to identify key processes in foraminiferal biomineralization and formulate hypotheses regarding the involved physiological pathways to provide directions for future research.

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“…Statistical analyses were based on average growth per plate, only including individuals that were alive and healthy-colored at the end of the experiment (Uthicke and Altenrath 2010). In this study, growth (% surface area d 21 ) was determined by the following equation (daily growth rate 5 ln [final size (mm 2 ) : initial size (mm 2 )] 3 d 21 3 100), modified from Ter Kuile and Erez (1984).…”

Section: Flow-through Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature‐induced stress leads to bleaching in larger benthic foraminifera hosting endosymbiotic diatoms

Schmidt

Heinz

Kučera

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

115

118

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Physiological mechanisms of bleaching were studied on larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) hosting endosymbiotic diatoms. Amphistegina radiata, Heterostegina depressa, and Calcarina hispida were exposed to increasing temperatures in static temperature experiments (23uC to 33uC, 6 d). Photosynthetic activity (F v : F m , measured with a pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer), chlorophyll a (a proxy for symbiont biomass), and motility (a proxy for overall fitness of the foraminifera) were reduced in specimens at 32uC to 33uC, and cytoplasm color changes associated with bleaching were observed. A 30-d flow-through experiment at three temperatures (26uC to 31uC) and three levels of inorganic nitrate concentration (0.5 to 1.4 mmol L 21 ) confirmed negative effects of temperature at 31uC for A. radiata (including growth) and H. depressa. Another Calcarina species, Calcarina mayorii, was not affected. This suggests that temperature effects are species-specific. However, elevated nutrient concentrations did not affect any of the parameters measured. Temperatures . 30uC stress the foram-diatom endosymbiosis in some LBF species, which may lead to subsequent bleaching of the host. Given that a 2-3uC increase led to rapid bleaching of most species, we propose that, similar to corals, these species are threatened by sea-surface temperature increase predicted for tropical reef waters in the near future.

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In situ growth rate experiments on the symbiont-bearing foraminifera Amphistegina lobifera and Amphisorus hemprichii

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Biomineralization in perforate foraminifera

Temperature‐induced stress leads to bleaching in larger benthic foraminifera hosting endosymbiotic diatoms

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