In situ hybridization assay for the diagnosis of chagas myocarditis and orchitis in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A case report

Abstract

We present the first documented case of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced orchitis in a rhesus macaque. Additionally, we describe an in situ hybridization-based assay to confirm T. cruzi infection in formalin-fixed tissues.

Infectious diseases of neotropical primates

“…For T. cruzi, usually, it is observed a severe lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis with variable number of protozoan cysts filled with amastigotes in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. Inflammation and amastigotes can be observed in other tissues, such as testis, but it is uncommon (48). Importantly, sometimes the amastigotes are not easily observed in the tissue, therefore IHC and in situ hybridization (ISH) are important tools to confirm the diagnosis (48).…”

“…Inflammation and amastigotes can be observed in other tissues, such as testis, but it is uncommon (48). Importantly, sometimes the amastigotes are not easily observed in the tissue, therefore IHC and in situ hybridization (ISH) are important tools to confirm the diagnosis (48). PCR is also frequently use and is important to differentiate from Leishmania sp.…”