2018
DOI: 10.3390/ceramics1010016
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In-Situ Kinetic Investigation of Calcium Aluminate Formation

Abstract: Rapid in-situ non-ambient X-ray diffraction represents a powerful tool for characterizing the evolution of crystalline materials in real time. The calcium aluminate system and formation of Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7) is particularly sensitive to processing conditions. This report characterizes the kinetic pathways to thermodynamic equilibrium as a function of atmosphere (ambient, dry, and vacuum) and reactant heterogeneity (as-received, milled, and sol-gel reactants). When reactants are heterogenous (as-received and m… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Ca 12 Ga 14 O 33 was successfully synthesized using the polymer-assisted steric entrapment method 25 . X-ray and neutron diffraction data indicate that the new compound is isostructural to Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 with a full exchanged of Al to Ga. HTXRD showed a formation temperature of 650 °C, which is significantly lower than that observed for Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 synthesized in a similar manner 8 . The best refinement, based on both the laboratory XRD and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data, resulted with the model that only has one Ca position and the caged O on the 24 d site.…”
Section: Comparison Of Ca 12 Ga 14 mentioning
confidence: 71%
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“…Ca 12 Ga 14 O 33 was successfully synthesized using the polymer-assisted steric entrapment method 25 . X-ray and neutron diffraction data indicate that the new compound is isostructural to Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 with a full exchanged of Al to Ga. HTXRD showed a formation temperature of 650 °C, which is significantly lower than that observed for Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 synthesized in a similar manner 8 . The best refinement, based on both the laboratory XRD and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data, resulted with the model that only has one Ca position and the caged O on the 24 d site.…”
Section: Comparison Of Ca 12 Ga 14 mentioning
confidence: 71%
“…For synthesis, stoichiometric amounts of the Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and GaCl 3 solutions were added to the PVA solution and allowed to stir for 1 h prior to heating. A 4:1 ratio of the number of metal cations to PVA monomer units was used as previously identified as the ideal amount for Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 8 . The solution was heated on a 300 °C hotplate until most of solvent evaporated and the solution became viscous.…”
Section: Experimental and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…These observations suggest there are two formation pathways from solid-state reactants: (1) C5A3 + C3A at low temperatures (<900 °C) when cationic species are well-mixed [9,10], and (2) C3A + CA at high temperatures (>1100 °C), observed when long diffusion lengths of reactants are present [7,8]. Recent in situ kinetic studies suggest that different pathways might occur with C12A7 being a kinetically favorable phase to form directly at lower temperature and C5A3 only observed as a decomposition product of C12A7 [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%