In situ measurement of water at the organic coating/substrate interface

Nguyen, Tinh; Byrd, Eric; Bentz, Dale P.; Lint, Changjian

doi:10.1016/0300-9440(95)00535-8

Cited by 90 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Spectra were collected at 60 min intervals over a period of 10 days, commencing directly after injection of a 5 % w/w solution of NaCl in ) remained unaffected throughout exposure to the electrolyte environment, confirming that the coatings do not delaminate during exposure (since coating peak intensity would be expected to diminish following delamination, due to an effectively lowered concentration within the infrared evanescent wave sampling depth). [24] In addition, during exposure the appearance (and then incremental increase) of a broad absorbance centred around 2550 cm -1 was observed, and from generated profiles it can be seen that significantly enhanced water sorption occurs in the presence of D 2 O. This is in keeping with previous reports, where the kinetics and equilibrium content for water uptake into epoxy resins has been found to depend on the water activity of the immersion medium.…”

Section: In-situ Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

The degradation mechanism of an epoxy-phenolic can coating

Morsch

Lyon

Gibbon

2017

Progress in Organic Coatings

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Paint remains a widely employed approach to corrosion control due its relatively low cost and proven efficacy. Nonetheless, the processes governing long-term deterioration of intact organic coatings (in the absence of defects) are not fully understood. In this contribution, we investigate the degradation mechanism of a corrosion resistant epoxyphenolic can coating. In-situ time-resolved ATR FTIR is applied to monitor both the chemical integrity of the coating and water uptake as a function of immersion time in water or electrolyte. Ion transport is assessed across free standing films, and morphological changes accompanying immersion are examined using ex-situ advanced scanning probe microscopy techniques. Coatings are found to deform as a result of water sorption during immersion in electrolyte or water, yielding regions of heterogeneous hydrophilicity, yet no change in functional group chemistry is found to occur.  Non-Fickian water sorption is associated with deformation of the coating. HIGHLIGHTS AFM-IR is used to show that hydrophilic pores form during immersion.3

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Section: In-situ Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

The degradation mechanism of an epoxy-phenolic can coating

Morsch

Lyon

Gibbon

2017

Progress in Organic Coatings

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“…Since the size of water molecule is 0.278 nm, the thickness of water layer is about 5-10 water molecules. This deduction is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectra by Nguyen [7]. To describe the real situation that water exists in epoxy nanocomposites, a "water shell" model is built up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

A "Water Shell" Model for the Dielectric Properties of Hydrated Silica-filled Epoxy Nano-composites

Zou

Fothergill

Rowe

2007

2007 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract: The electrical properties of epoxy resin have been studied as a function of hydration. The epoxy was studied in an un-filled state, filled with 40 µm SiO 2 particles, and filled with 50 nm SiO 2 particles. The relative humidity was controlled by saturated salt solutions at ambient temperatures from 298-353 K. Measurements were made using dielectric spectroscopy over the frequency range 10 -3 -10 5 Hz. The hydration isotherm (i.e. the mass uptake of water) was established by measuring the mass as a function of relative humidity (RH). It was found that the nanocomposites absorb up to 60% more water than the unfilled and micro-filled epoxies. Dielectric spectroscopy shows different conduction and quasi-DC behaviours at very low frequencies (<10 -2 Hz) with activation energies dependent on the hydration and temperature. These observations have led to the development of a "water shell" model to explain this phenomenon. Permanent

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“…However, it is likely that this "water shell" becomes fragmented away from the particle and some of the water is dispersed into the surrounding polymer [6]. This deduction is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectra by Nguyen [7] and Bowden and Throssell [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The influence of water on dielectric behavior of silica-filled epoxy nano-composites and percolation phenomenon

Zou

Fothergill

et al. 2007

2007 Annual Report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract: The dielectric properties of epoxy resin were studied as a function of hydration by dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric spectroscopy measurements show different conduction and quasi-DC behaviors at very low frequencies (<10 -2 Hz) with activation energies dependent on the hydration. These observations lead to the development of a model in which a "water shell" is formed around the nanoparticles. The multiple shell model, originally proposed by Lewis and developed by Tanaka, has been further developed to explain low frequency dielectric spectroscopy results in which percolation of charge carriers through overlapping water shells was shown to occur. At 100% relative humidity, water is believed to surround the nanoparticles to a depth of approximately 10 monolayers as the first layer. A second layer of water is proposed that is dispersed by sufficiently concentrated to be conductive. If all the water had existed in a single layer surrounding a nanoparticle, this layer would have been approximately 5 nm thick at 100% RH. Filler particles that have surfaces that are functionalized to be hydrophobic considerably reduce the amount of water absorbed in nanocomposites under the same conditions of humidity. PEA results show that the wetted epoxy specimens have a higher threshold field of space charge accumulation than such dry specimens since water enhances charge decay. Permanent repository link

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In situ measurement of water at the organic coating/substrate interface

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

The degradation mechanism of an epoxy-phenolic can coating

The degradation mechanism of an epoxy-phenolic can coating

A "Water Shell" Model for the Dielectric Properties of Hydrated Silica-filled Epoxy Nano-composites

The influence of water on dielectric behavior of silica-filled epoxy nano-composites and percolation phenomenon

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