In situ monitoring the role of citrate in chemical bath deposition of PbS thin films

Abstract

We report the formation of size tunable PbS nanocubes induced by the presence of trisodium citrate during growth of PbS thin films by chemical bath deposition. The presence of citrate induces growth by the cluster mechanism which is monitored by XRD and HRSEM, along with real time light scattering and optical absorption measurements.

Effect of double substitutions of Cd and Cu on optical band gap and electrical properties of non-colloidal PbS thin films

“…On the other hand, there have been also studies on non-colloidal PbS thin films, which are usually processed by chemical bath deposition (CBD), for the purpose of increasing band gap of the films for better photovoltaic properties. Processing parameters, such as bath temperature, different type of chemicals, concentration of precursor, etc., have been studied in the CBD process for optimization of the optical properties [5,7,8]. The origin of the band gap tuning in these non-colloidal cases is believed to come from the sizedependency of crystallites in the films although the reason for the dependency is not clear since the crystallite sizes are beyond the quantum confinement range [8,9].…”

Enhanced SWIR absorption in chemical bath deposited PbS thin films alloyed with thorium and oxygen

“…Below this radius quantum size effects are observed. [7][8][9][10] Sengupta et al 11 recently reported implementing tri sodium citrate (TSC) as a co-complexant for the Pb 2+ cations, and how it affects lm growth in the PbS||GaAs system. Once introduced to the solution, TSC was shown to effectively complex Pb 2+ cations at lower pH regimes (below pH ¼ 13).…”

Oriented Attachment: A Path to Columnar Morphology in Chemical Bath Deposited PbSe Thin Films

“…Transitions in CD growth mechanisms have been studied in situ using LS by Shandalov et al and Sengupta et al . To date, this method has been implemented to monitor cluster to IBI transitions.…”

“…It is important to note that such successive growth allowed us to obtain nanocolumnar films up to one micron in thickness (Figure S1b). Transitions in CD growth mechanisms have been studied in situ using LS by Shandalov et al 19 and Sengupta et al 22 To date, this method has been implemented to monitor cluster to IBI transitions. The nature of cluster growth mechanism involves light scattering precipitants, whose scattering intensity strongly depends on the particle size and particle concentration.…”