2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.068
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In situ neutron imaging technique for evaluation of water management systems in operating PEM fuel cells

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Cited by 454 publications
(227 citation statements)
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“…This exposure time is well within the range typically used for neutron imaging on PEFCs (typically between 1 and 25 s [45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]82]). Since the current study investigates steady-state operation, the 12 s temporal resolution is sufficient.…”
mentioning
confidence: 82%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This exposure time is well within the range typically used for neutron imaging on PEFCs (typically between 1 and 25 s [45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]82]). Since the current study investigates steady-state operation, the 12 s temporal resolution is sufficient.…”
mentioning
confidence: 82%
“…This technique is based on attenuation of a neutron by hydrogencontaining compounds such as water, and transparency to neutrons of most fuel cell construction materials (aluminium, stainless steel). Neutron imaging can identify water in the in-plane orientation (with the membrane place parallel to the beam) and through-plane orientation (with the membrane plane perpendicular to the beam), enabling in the first case to differentiate the water content from the cathode and the anode [48][49][50] and in the second case the effect of different designs, components, and operating conditions [45,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Neutron imaging has been combined with other modelling and experimental techniques, such as current mapping [66], CFD models validation [32,51,65], optical imaging [47], neutron scattering [61] and localised EIS [45].…”
Section: Liquid Water Mapping In Fuel Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Image masking involves keeping only image data from a specific depth and for a PEFC system has a resolution of 100 μm, although that should be decreasing with more advanced detectors. 16 Transient results indicate the importance of incorporating temperature effects in order to understand how the water distribution reaches steady state. For example, Hickner et al 15 found that the cell achieved steady state about 100 to 200 seconds after the current load underwent a step increase from 0 to 1000 mA for their particular set-up.…”
Section: In-situ Visualization Of Watermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent development efforts have led to the production of PEFC models with built-in water management systems to manage water and humidity in the fuel cell. However, the issue with water generated during operation of the fuel cell prevails, eventually leading to unwanted flooding [38] Although the water production within the fuel cell during operation is unavoidable because it is a by-product of the hydrogen fuel reaction during the conversion to electrical energy, it exists and remains in the liquid state as a result of the low operating temperature of the PEFC [39]. Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of the process of water production within the PEFC.…”
Section: Water Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%