In-situ/operando Raman techniques for in-depth understanding on electrocatalysis

Coupling MnS and CoS Nanocrystals on Self-Supported Porous N-doped Carbon Nanofibers to Enhance Oxygen Electrocatalytic Performance for Flexible Zn-Air Batteries

“…Moreover, two characteristic peaks centered at 1332.8 cm –1 (D-band) and 1591.9 cm –1 (G-band) are observed of MnS–CoS/PNCFs, and the corresponding I D /I G value is 1.03, while the CoS/PNCFs is 1.01. The I D / I G value closed to 1 indicates that MnS–CoS/PNCFs has ample defects on the basis of good electrical conductivity, which will be rewarding for heightening the catalytic activity . Profiting from the PNCFs carrier and the MOF-derived MnS–CoS couples, the MnS–CoS/PNCFs electrocatalyst manifests a superior BET surface area of 75.25 m 2 g –1 (Figure g) and a more abundant pore volume (Figure h) based on this mesoporous and microporous structure.…”

“…The I D /I G value closed to 1 indicates that MnS−CoS/PNCFs has ample defects on the basis of good electrical conductivity, which will be rewarding for heightening the catalytic activity. 57 Profiting from the PNCFs carrier and the MOF-derived MnS−CoS couples, the MnS−CoS/PNCFs electrocatalyst manifests a superior BET surface area of 75.25 m 2 g −1 (Figure 2g) and a more abundant pore volume (Figure 2h) based on this mesoporous and microporous structure. The larger surface area and rich pore volume for MnS−CoS couples are revealed, whether they are supported by PNCFs (Figure 2g,h) or not (Figure S13), which possibly introduces more active sites.…”

Synthetic approaches and electrocatalytic reactions of pristine metal–organic frameworks for energy conversion

“…74 In situ Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques provide fingerprint information relevant to the vibration frequency of the surface species, indicating the interactions between the reactant and catalyst; this helps us to elucidate the reaction mechanisms, visualizing catalytic dynamics and surface intermediates. 75…”

Reaction mechanism – explored with the unified reaction valley approach

“…A promising way to move into this direction are so-called in situ/operando techniques 18 including in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), 19 sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy, 20 Raman spectroscopy, 21 absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, 22,23 X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) [24][25][26] or synchrotron and neutron scattering-based techniques, 27 complemented with computational efforts, 7 just to name a few. These techniques collect data about the chemical reaction as it proceeds.…”