In situ polarization and dielectric property measurements of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 ferroelectric nanocrystals

Abstract

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/polycarbonate (PZT/PC) composite films with different concentration of PZT ferroelectric nanocrystals are prepared. The polarization and dielectric relaxation behavior of PZT ferroelectric nanocrystals are characterized using in situ transmittance and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements for the first time. It’s found that 10% PZT/PC composite film has the largest orientation change and negligible dielectric relaxation after poling (the φ value of 13.8% is almost constant with time even for 168 h). Based on the XRD results, we consider that the preferential orientation of PZT nanocrystals to align in PC matrix after poling is [001] direction.

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“…For 30 v% poled films, the average ratio of 002/200 peaks improved to 62.5% from a ratio of 48.12% for the unpoled films. This indicates that the effect in the tetragonal PZT particles is associated with increase in [001] and [002] orientation [29], [33]. Preferably, the ferroelectric domains change their random orientation mostly to [001] direction.…”

“…Piezoelectric sensors have attracted a lot of attention because they have the lowest power need among other kinds of sensors [2]. Most piezoelectric materials used in systems are based on ceramics such as Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), Lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ), Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), and Lead zirconate titanate (PbZr x Ti 1−x O 3 , 0 < x < 1) due to high piezoelectric charge constant, d 33 . For example, depending on the synthesis and processing conditions, d 33 >300 pC/N for PZT, d 33 > 200 pC/N for BaTiO 3 can be achieved.…”

“…In this work, we have reported fabrication of thin films of 0-3 PZT-PDMS piezoelectric composite, investigated their piezoelectric, crystalline and mechanical behaviour, and demonstrated their application for tactile sensing. PZT is a widely used piezoelectric ceramic with high d 33 and dielectric constant value and has a spontaneous electric polarization in multi dimensions. PZT is physically strong, chemically inert, relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and one of the widely used piezoelectric ceramics in the world.…”

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“…We propose a new perspective, considering the increasing costs of piezoelectric materials, as well as sustainability concerns. In this regard, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramics [ 41 , 42 ], specifically lead and lead oxide, are classified as hazardous substances within the European Union, planning to restrict their use [ 43 , 44 ]. Lead oxide, a PZT component, is highly toxic, exhibiting even further toxicity enhancement in the manufacturing process [ 45 , 46 ].…”