In situ polyol-assisted synthesis of nano-SnO2/carbon composite materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

In situ polyol-assisted synthesis of nano-Sn02/carbon composite materials as anodes for lithium-ion batteries Courtel, Fabrice M.; Baranova, Elena A.; Abu-Lebdeh, Yaser; Davidson, Isobel J.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Nano-SnO 2 /carbon composite materials were synthesized in situ using the polyol method by oxidizing SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O in the presence of a carbon matrix. All the as-synthesized composites consisted of SnO 2 nanoparticles (5-10 nm) uniformly embedded into the carbon matrix as evidenced by TEM. XRD confirmed the presence of nano-sized SnO 2 particles that are crystallized in a rutile structure and XPS revealed a tin oxidation state of +4. Cyclic voltammetry of the composites showed an irreversible peak at 1.4 V in the first cycle and a typical alloying/de-alloying process at 0.1-0.5 V. The best composite ("composite I", 15 wt% SnO 2 ) showed an improved lithium storage capacity of 370 mAh g −1 at 200 mA g −1 (∼C/2) which correspond to 32% improvement and lower capacity fade compared to commercial SnO 2 (50 nm). We have also investigated the effect of the heating method and we found that the use of a microwave was beneficial in not only shortening reaction time but also in producing smaller SnO 2 particles that are also better dispersed within the carbon matrix which also resulted in higher lithium storage capacity.Crown

SnO2‐Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…There are basically three different approaches to synthesize SnO 2 ‐C nanocomposites. The first method is to load SnO 2 onto the carbon support using SnCl 2 as the precursor,129–132 where the carbon materials have to be prepared in advance. The second strategy is to treat the precursors of both SnO 2 and carbon together,6, 120–125, 127, 133 which seems to be very facile but difficult to control the morphology of the composites.…”

SnCo nanowire array as negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries

“…Though tin is very attractive for its high specific capacity, low-cost and availability, the drastic volume change (about 300%) between Sn and Li 4.4 Sn causes electrode pulverization and loss of electric contact that is responsible for poor electrode cycle life [2]. Nanometric materials [3,4] and intermetallic compounds [5][6][7] have been the main strategies pursued to reduce this drawback and, recently, tin or tin oxide/carbon composites have aroused much attention because the carbon seems to enhance the tin's electrochemical stability [8][9][10][11][12]. However, the percentage of tin in the carbon composites is generally low, so that the benefit in terms of specific electrode capacity with Sn content lower than 50% (w/w) is scarce with respect to graphite electrodes.…”

Tin-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…4.4 shows the cycling performance of SnO 2 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 3 to 8 nm. Pristine SnO 2 nanoparticles or composites usually show a medium capacity around 350 to 450 mAh g À1 for a rate around C/5 [18][19][20][21][22]. Using a layer-by-layer technique, SnO 2 nanotubes (50 wt%) supported on carbon nanotubes provided a specific capacity of 450 mAh g À1 [23].…”