In situ preparation of reduced graphene oxide/DOPO-based phosphonamidate hybrids towards high-performance epoxy nanocomposites

Guo, Wenwen; Yu, Bin; Yuan, Yao; Song, Lei; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.024

Cited by 156 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…11,12 HQ can be introduced into the backbone structure of polyurethane at the compounding stage in a reactive manner. HQ was originally adapted for epoxy thermosets and exhibits prominent ame-retardant properties in the gas phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

et al. 2018

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Rigid polyurethane foam (PU), one of the most promising wall insulation materials, exhibits high flammability and fire risk. In this work, PU/EG/HQ composites with highly effective flame retardancy were fabricated by adding two kinds of flame retardants, expandable graphite (EG) and 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorylphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ), during the synthesis of polyurethane. Thermal stability and flammability were evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 vertical flame results, and cone colorimeter tests. The as-synthesized PU/EG/HQ composites showed a high LOI value, a maximum peak heat release rate (PHRR) value which was decreased by 58.5% and an increased char yield at 800 C. They also achieved UL-94 V-0 classification.SEM and Raman spectra indicated that the "worm-like" intumescent char layer with a graphitized structure and the formed viscous liquid film were vital factors in the enhancement of the flame retardancy of polyurethane foam in the condensed phase. TG-IR results show that the release of toxic volatiles and flammable gases from the PU/EG/HQ samples was remarkably decreased compared with the release from pure PU. This work associates a gas-solid biphase flame retardancy mechanism with the incorporation of two types of flame retardant and presents an effective method for the synthesis of bi-phase flame-retardant polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

et al. 2018

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“…The second stage (400–650 °C) might be attributed to further residue degradation. In an oxygen atmosphere, the second stage is more significant due to oxidative degradation of unstable char . The temperature at 5 wt% weight loss ( T 5% ), 80 wt% weight loss ( T 80% ), and the residual char percentages at 700 °C are listed in Table , to compare the thermal degradation behavior of all PU composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an oxygen atmosphere, the second stage is more significant due to oxidative degradation of unstable char. [34] The temperature at 5 wt% weight loss (T 5% ), 80 wt% weight loss (T 80% ), and the residual char percentages at 700 °C are listed in Table 1, to compare the thermal degradation behavior of all PU composites. From Table 1, compared to pristine PU, the initial degradation of PU composites clearly decreased and this trend becomes stronger with increasing M-MoS 2 content in the PU matrix.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermo‐Mechanical Stiffness, Thermal Stability, and Fire Retardant Performance of Surface‐Modified 2D MoS₂Nanosheet‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites

Malkappa

Ray

Kumar

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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This article reports new‐generation 2D‐MoS2 nanosheet‐containing polyurethane (PU) composite materials with improved thermo‐mechanical stiffness, thermal stability, and fire retardation properties. The surface of 2D‐MoS2 nanosheets is modified with melamine (M‐MoS2), and then PU composites with varying M‐MoS2 loadings are synthesized using an in situ polymerization method. During polymerization, 3‐amino‐propyl‐trimethoxy silane is introduced to create silicate functionality on the PU chains, which further improves the compatibility between PU and M‐MoS2. Microscopy studies confirm the distribution of highly intercalated and agglomerated M‐MoS2 nanosheets in the PU matrix. The PU composite containing 5 wt% M‐MoS2 shows a 65% higher storage modulus (at 30 °C) than that of pure PU. The thermal stability of pure PU is significantly improved (62 °C) after composite formation. Thermogravimetric analysis in combination with FTIR spectroscopy shows that the PU/M‐MoS2 composites release less toxic gases during thermal degradation compared to pure PU. Moreover, the composite containing 5 wt% M‐MoS2 shows improved fire retardation properties, with 45% and 67.5% decrease in the peak heat and total heat release rates, respectively, as compared with those of pure PU. In summary, 2D‐MoS2 is shown to have potential as an advanced nano‐filler to obtain stiffer PU composite with improved fire retardant property for structural application.

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“…Guo and co-workers [40] functionalized and simultaneously reduced graphene oxide with piperazine; then, the obtained nanofiller was incorporated into piperazine-based DOPO phosphonamidate and incorporated into an epoxy resin. As assessed during cone calorimetry tests, both the peak of heat release rate (-43.0%) and the total heat release (-30.2%) of the cured epoxy system were remarkably lowered in the presence of 4 wt.% of modified graphene oxide.…”

Section: Graphene and Its Derivatives As Flame Retardants For Thermosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Graphene in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances

Malucelli

2018

CGS

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Background: From its discovery, graphene has become a very fascinating nanomaterial, thanks to its structure that determines peculiar (and unique) mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Thus, graphene has stimulated and is still motivating several researchers to widen its potentialities that are currently being exploited in different application sectors, comprising catalysis and energy, nanoelectronics, quantum physics and the design and manufacturing of advanced nanocomposite materials and biomaterials. Being a carbon source, already organized in a well-ordered morphology, graphene is nowadays starting to experience a different application, i.e. in the fire retardancy of polymers, foams and textiles, often in combination with other flame retardant additives or nanofillers, with which graphene can often act in a synergistic way. In fact, it is well reported in the scientific literature that graphene and its derivatives can play a key role either in slowing down the flame propagation or even in providing self-extinction to the thermoplastic or thermosetting matrices, where the nanofiller is incorporated in; furthermore, by exploiting surface engineered approaches, it is possible to design very effective flame retardant coatings on textile substrates. Objective: This paper aims at reviewing the current state-of-the-art about the use of graphene and its derivatives as efficient flame retardant additives for different polymeric materials, highlighting the current limitations/achievements and discussing some possible future developments.

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In situ preparation of reduced graphene oxide/DOPO-based phosphonamidate hybrids towards high-performance epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 156 publications

References 34 publications

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

Enhanced Thermo‐Mechanical Stiffness, Thermal Stability, and Fire Retardant Performance of Surface‐Modified 2D MoS₂Nanosheet‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites

The Role of Graphene in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances

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In situ preparation of reduced graphene oxide/DOPO-based phosphonamidate hybrids towards high-performance epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 156 publications

References 34 publications

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

Establishment of a highly efficient flame-retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams based on bi-phase flame-retardant actions

Enhanced Thermo‐Mechanical Stiffness, Thermal Stability, and Fire Retardant Performance of Surface‐Modified 2D MoS2Nanosheet‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites

The Role of Graphene in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances

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Enhanced Thermo‐Mechanical Stiffness, Thermal Stability, and Fire Retardant Performance of Surface‐Modified 2D MoS₂Nanosheet‐Reinforced Polyurethane Composites