In-Situ Print Characterization and Defect Monitoring of 3D Printing via Conductive Filament and Ohm’s Law

Parker, Helen E.; Psulkowski, Sean; Tran, Phong A.; Dickens, Tarik

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2021.06.044

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Conductive filaments are typically used for 3D-printing of sensors, electronics and heaters [18][19][20][21] , but can also be used for in-situ monitoring. Initial work explored measuring the electrical resistance between two electrodes on the bed 22 and between a bed and a nozzle electrode [23][24][25] to study the effect of printing parameters. This preliminary research is limited to rectangular, single or few layer prints with minor data analysis.…”

Section: Fff Print Defect Characterization Through In-situ Electrical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FFF print defect characterization through in-situ electrical resistance monitoring

Jonkers,

Dijkshoorn,

Stramigioli

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Fused filament fabrication is a popular fabrication technique. Currently there is a need for in-situ monitoring modalities to gather real-time information on prints, both for quality control and closed-loop control. Despite current advancements, effective and affordable in-situ monitoring techniques for non-destructive defect detection of voids and bonding quality are still limited. This work demonstrates in-situ monitoring of fused filament fabrication through electrical resistance measurements as an alternative to thermal and optical methods. A new, easy-to-implement setup is demonstrated which measures the electrical resistance of a conductively doped filament between the nozzle and single or multi-electrodes on the bed. Defects can be located in an unprecedented way with the use of encoded axes in combination with the observed resistance variations throughout the part. A model of the anisotropic electrical conduction is used to interpret the measurements, which matches well with the data. Warping, inter-layer adhesion, under-extrusion and overhang sagging print defects can be observed in the measurements of parts with a complex geometry, which would be difficult to measure otherwise. Altogether in-situ electrical resistance monitoring offers a tool for optimising prints by online studying the influence of the print parameters for quality assessment and it opens up possibilities for closed-loop control.

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Section: Fff Print Defect Characterization Through In-situ Electrical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FFF print defect characterization through in-situ electrical resistance monitoring

Jonkers,

Dijkshoorn,

Stramigioli

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are also other such cases which primarily use techniques such as the finite element method, finite difference and level set methods as well as fluidic volume estimations, which are more likely to be defined under the term "simulation" than the term "Digital Twin" [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. While this can be attributed to terminology, since the term digital twin is a term that has very recently arisen, in most cases computational methods and experimental-sensor-derived datasets are being utilized in a fragmented way and not under the greater umbrella of a digital twin model.…”

Section: Current Digital Twin Applications In 3d Printing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing and Implementation of Digital Twins: Current Trends and Limitations

Kantaros

Piromalis

Tsaramirsis

et al. 2021

ASI

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Fabricating objects with desired mechanical properties by utilizing 3D printing methods can be expensive and time-consuming, especially when based only on a trial-and-error test modus operandi. Digital twins (DT) can be proposed as a solution to understand, analyze and improve the fabricated item, service system or production line. However, the development of relevant DTs is still hampered by a number of factors, such as a lack of full understanding of the concept of DTs, their context and method of development. In addition, the connection between existing conventional systems and their data is under development. This work aims to summarize and review the current trends and limitations in DTs for additive manufacturing, in order to provide more insights for further research on DT systems.

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“…In-situ electrical resistance measurements with conductive filament are able to measure bonding quality, part geometry, print temperature and presence of defects. Previous work applied measurements between two bed electrodes [4] and between a bed electrode and the nozzle [5], generating limited information in complex geometries. This work aims to extend the methodology by multiplexing the measurement path between multiple bed electrodes and the nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P24 - In-Situ Monitoring for Fused Filament Fabrication by means of Multi-Electrode Resistance Measurements

Dijkshoorn¹,

Jonkers²,

Krijnen³

et al. 2023

Poster

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This work demonstrates in-situ monitoring of additive manufacturing through Fused Filament Fabrication with multi-electrode resistance measurements as an alternative to thermal and optical monitoring methods. Measurements are performed through the means of a resistive filament in combination with multiplexed nozzle to bed electrodes. When printing a beam, measurements show the addition of layers as well as nozzle x-position. Furthermore effects of the electrode placement, size and loss of nozzle contact can be measured. Future work will focus on measurements with a higher number of electrodes and more complex sample geometries.

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In-Situ Print Characterization and Defect Monitoring of 3D Printing via Conductive Filament and Ohm’s Law

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

FFF print defect characterization through in-situ electrical resistance monitoring

FFF print defect characterization through in-situ electrical resistance monitoring

3D Printing and Implementation of Digital Twins: Current Trends and Limitations

P24 - In-Situ Monitoring for Fused Filament Fabrication by means of Multi-Electrode Resistance Measurements

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