In-situ study of the effect of operating conditions and additives on alkali emissions in fluidised bed combustion

Gottwald, U.; Monkhouse, P.; Wulgaris, N; Bonn, B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(01)00260-0

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, clay minerals such as kaolin in the coal or in the fluidised bed strongly suppressed alkali release by chemisorption, whereby alkali is incorporated into the aluminosilicate structure. Another study [430] was performed at atmospheric pressure, where similar effects were observed as those at 10 bar. In addition, measurements were made after a hot gas filter, whereby a significant reduction (from 20 to 25 ppb to less than 10 ppb) was observed.…”

Section: Conventional Emissionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Real time measurement, varying conditions [124,430] Parametric study (T,p, O 2 etc.) [124,430] Sorbent effectiveness [148,303] Discrim.…”

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[124,430] Sorbent effectiveness [148,303] Discrim. Particle/gas [429] FB coal combustion Real time measurement, varying conditions [123] Sorbent effectiveness [434] Glass furnace NaOH 589 Real time measurement, varying conditions potassium species, using two detection channels [429]. Molecular species (in this case mainly KCl, NiCl 2 ) were photofragmented at 193 nm and fluorescence from Ni* and K* atom fragments detected at 440 and 769 nm, respectively.…”

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[429], it could be shown that the gas phase concentrations of both K and Ni are affected by the amount of chlorine in the system. Both metals have an affinity for chlorine; on the other hand, K and Ni both interact strongly with clay minerals [124,433].…”

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

Monkhouse

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

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Section: Conventional Emissionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Real time measurement, varying conditions [124,430] Parametric study (T,p, O 2 etc.) [124,430] Sorbent effectiveness [148,303] Discrim.…”

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 766mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

Monkhouse

2011

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

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“…Investigations into the modes of occurrence and release of volatile inorganics at high temperatures have historically been conducted using a variety of modelling and experimental methods [3,4]. Recently, online mass spectrometric techniques [5][6][7][8] have predominantly been used to measure in situ decomposition and reaction products from high temperature gasification and combustion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temperature-dependent release of volatile inorganic species from Victorian brown coals and German lignites under CO2 and H2O gasification conditions

Tanner

Bläsing²,

Müller³

et al. 2015

Fuel

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Laser Spectrometric Techniques in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Axner

Galbács

2012

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The main purpose of this article is to describe the theory, instrumentation, and analytical performance of laser analytical atomic spectrometry, focusing on absorption, fluorescence, and ionization techniques. The structure of the article is such that it first provides an outline of the theory of light‐matter interactions that prevail for each type of technique as well as of the most common modulation techniques, primarily, wavelength modulation (WM). This is followed by a section that covers the most important types of instrumentation used. The article finally provides a detailed discussion on the specific instrumentation, mode of operation, use, performance, and applications (both analytical and diagnostic) of each technique. In terms of laser atomic absorption, the focus of the discussion is on the use of approaches to enhance the detection capability by either reducing the amount of noise (as is done by the wavelength modulation absorption spectrometry (WMAS) technique) or by providing an extended interaction length (giving rise to cavity‐enhanced absorption spectrometry (CEAS) techniques in general, and cavity ring‐down spectrometry (CRDS) in particular). Laser atomic fluorescence techniques (often referred to as laser‐excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry ( LEAFS )) as well as laser ionization techniques (termed either laser‐enhanced ionization ( LEI ) or resonance ionization spectrometry ( RIS )) are also covered in some detail. It is shown that several of these techniques are capable of detecting a variety of elements in liquid samples down to low picogram per milliliter (pg mL −1 ) or parts‐per‐trillion (ppt) concentrations and in low femtogram amounts. Also other properties of the techniques, e.g. selectivity and linear dynamic range (LDR), are in general superior to those of conventional (nonlaser‐based techniques).

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In-situ study of the effect of operating conditions and additives on alkali emissions in fluidised bed combustion

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

The temperature-dependent release of volatile inorganic species from Victorian brown coals and German lignites under CO2 and H2O gasification conditions

Laser Spectrometric Techniques in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

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