In situ submarine pollination in the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica: research notes

Verduin, Jennifer; Walker, Diana; Kuo, John

doi:10.3354/meps133307

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The seedlings themselves could be clonal as seedling formation has not been shown to be sexual by embryological studies and may be apomictic. However, pollination has been shown to be successful both in culture and in the field (Ducker et at., 1978;Verduin et at., 1996). In addition, high frequencies of male plants persist in some populations, and no evidence of fixed hybridity, as is characteristic of apomicts, was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

1996

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Few detailed studies have been published on genetic variation in seagrasses except those on the monoecious Zostera marina L. or the hermaphrodite Posidonia australis Hook. f This paper presents allozyme, RFLP and reproductive biology data on Amphibolis antarctica (Labill.) Sonder & Aschers, one of the 75 per cent of all seagrass species which are dioecious.Collections were made from approximately one-third of the species range in Western Australia. Its only congener, A. gnfflthii (J. M. Black) den Hartog, was collected from one site to provide a comparison. Flowering was observed in 25 per cent of the shoots surveyed and the average sex ratio was 3.8: 1 (F:M) which it has been suggested indicates sexual reproduction. No genetic variation was found within or between populations at 14 allozyme loci. 18S RFLPs and M13 DNA fingerprinting gave few satisfactory results but also did not exhibit any variability. Allozyme variation was observed between A. antarctica and A. griffithii, the only congeneric species. The lack of allozyme and DNA variation within A. antarctica indicates a potentially low level of outbreeding, a highly clonal reproductive system or a very efficient genetic system in A. antarctica. The hypothesis that the dioecious reproductive system evolved in seagrasses to maximize outbreeding and genetic variability, proposed by several authors, is questioned in light of these data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

1996

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“…nutrients), fine particles, and colloids (diameter <63 µm); the distribution with a maximum at the surface may represent phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen, and atmospherically deposited particles; and the distribution with a maximum at the bottom can represent suspended sediments (Gacia et al 1999), ammonia, and larvae. Verduin et al (1996) observed that pollen from the canopy may also have maximum values within the canopy and decrease in the overlying water. Studying the transport of a particular constituent would require more information (sources, sinks, rates, distributions, chemical/biological processes, etc.)…”

Section: Effect Of Canopy On Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhanced shear on the blades reduces the diffusive boundary layer and helps inorganic carbon and nutrients flow to the plant, which increases photosynthesis (Koehl & Alberte 1988, Koch 1996. Current patterns and speed control the pollination process (Ackerman 1986, Verduin et al 1996. The attenuated flow within the canopy decreases pollen transport and the probability of interception by female carpels, which ultimately reduces plant productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies on flow and transport

Abdelrhman¹

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Ecological effects of the interaction between submerged aquatic vegetation and currents depend on the plants and their associated organisms as well as the large-scale transport of dissolved and suspended constituents near the canopy. Mathematical models for airflow within plant canopies were adapted to describe water flow through and above meadows of aquatic eelgrass Zostera marina. The resulting model provided the vertical distribution of velocity and shear in a water column within the meadow, and it was developed to automatically conserve flow within the canopy. It was tested and calibrated with data from the laboratory and the field, and it performed adequately. The flow profile was nearly exponential within the canopy and logarithmic above it. The model was used to study how the eelgrass canopy affected the horizontal transport of conservative constituents. The most important finding was that the vertical distribution of a constituent determines whether the canopy will reduce or enhance its transport through the water column. This effect has direct implications for transport of nonconservative constituents such as dissolved oxygen, nutrients, organic carbon, and particulate pollen, larvae, plankton, and detritus. It also has direct implications for biological issues such as vertical distributions of photosynthesis and of recruitment of organisms on blades of grass while they are exposed to varying degrees of currents and shear.

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“…Despite the importance of sexual reproduction for seagrass meadow dynamics, there is a lack of information about most of these aspects of seagrass ecology. The few studies available, however, indicate that abortion of flowers is low (Buia & Mazzella 1991, Terrados 1993, Williams 1995 and flowers are currently pollinated (Verduin et al 1996). Hence, the most critical factors in reproduction success of seagrass populations seem to be flowering and seedling survival, flowering intensity setting its upper threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, flowering, and population dynamics of temperate Western Australian seagrasses

Marbà¹,

Walker²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Quantification of module size, leaf, rhizome and clonal growth, flowering intensity and shoot population dynamics of 7 temperate Western Australian seagrasses [Amphiboljs antarctica, A. griffithii, Posidonia australis, P, sinuosa, P. angustifolia, Heterozostera tasmanica, Thalassodendron pachyrhizum) developing 8 n~onospecific stands reveals that these plants have different plant morphologies, display a wide repertoire of growth patterns, and exhibit substantial variabhty in their capacity to flower. Leaf production rate ranged between 2.6 (P. sinuosa) and 26 leaves yr.' (A. antarctica), and leaf life-span varied between 85 (A. antarctica) and 245 d (P. sinuosa). Most of the species extended their horizontal rhizomes at rates slower than 10 cm yr-' The highest rate of new short shoot formation by vertical rhizomes was observed in A. antarctica (on average each vertical rhizome annually produced 1.5 new short shoots), and the lowest in T pachyrhizum (only l new short shoot would be recruited from 65 vertical rhizomes). Horizontal rhizomes produced 1 new short shoot every l? (H. tasrnanica) or 582 d (P. sinuosa). Flowering intensity varied from 0 (P. sinuosa) to 7 % flowering short shoots yr-' (P. australis). The median age of the short shoots in these populations ranged from 367 (H. tasmanica] to 1000 d (P. sinuosa). Clonal growth was the main mechanism providing short shoots in these temperate Western Australian meadows. Short shoot recruitment balanced short shoot mortality rate in most populations, indicating that they were in steady-state with the colonisation process. These species maintain their meadows through different plant strategies as a result of their different growth programmes and the variability in sexual reproduction success. The large differences in flowering intensity found across temperate Western Australian seagrasses suggest that sexual reproduction may play an important role for meadow maintenance and recovery.

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In situ submarine pollination in the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica: research notes

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

Effect of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies on flow and transport

Growth, flowering, and population dynamics of temperate Western Australian seagrasses

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