In-situ surface hardening of cast iron by surface layer metallurgy

Fischer, Sebastian; Muschna, Stefan; Bührig–Polaczek, Andreas; Bünck, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2014.07.062

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Despite the good properties of DI and ADI, under some operating conditions such as erosive and corrosive environments its performance is limited by their relative low hardness [10][11][12]. This problem can be overcome by improving the surface properties of DI.…”

Section: Laser Surface Hardened Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcracks Reduction in Laser Hardened Layers of Ductile Iron

Hurtado-Delgado¹,

Huerta-Larumbe²,

Pérez³

et al. 2021

Coatings

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A study of surface hardening of Ductile Iron (DI) with and without austempering heat treatment was developed. The chemical composition of the material contains alloying elements such as Cu and Ni, that allow to obtain a Ductile Iron Grade 120-90-02, based on ASTM A536, which was heat treated to be transformed to Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). Specimens of 10 × 10 × 5 mm3 were obtained for application of surface hardening by Nd:YAG UR laser of 150 W maximum power. The parameters used were advance speed of 0.2 and 0.3 mm/s and power at 105, 120, 135 and 144 W; the departure microstructures were fully pearlitic in the samples without heat treatment, and ausferrite for austempered samples. Microstructural characterization of hardened samples was performed were analyzed and martensite and undissolved carbides were identified in the pearlitic samples, while in ausferrite samples it was found finer martensite without carbides. The depth of hardened surface to different conditions and their respective microhardness were measured. The results indicate that the surface hardening via laser is a suitable method for improving wear resistance by means of hardness increment in critical areas without compromising the core ductility of DI components, but the surface ductility is enhanced when the DI is austempered before the laser hardening, by the reduction of surface microcracks.

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Section: Laser Surface Hardened Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcracks Reduction in Laser Hardened Layers of Ductile Iron

Hurtado-Delgado¹,

Huerta-Larumbe²,

Pérez³

et al. 2021

Coatings

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“…The casting infiltration technology and the obtained CICs have been extensively investigated [16][17][18][19]. High-chromium CICs with the formation of high-hardness Cr 7 C 3 carbides are most favored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] and borides (Feb, Fe 2 B, etc.) [16,24]. Wang et al [25] fabricated a high-vanadium alloy coating on carbon steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ni Content on the Microstructure and Impact Wear Resistance Performance of High-Chromium Casting Infiltration Coating

et al. 2022

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Casting infiltration technology was used to fabricate a high-chromium coating on the surface of parent ZG45 steel with different Ni content. SEM, EDS analysis, CALPHAD-type calculations, Rockwell hardness test and impact wear test were utilized to investigate the influence of Ni on the microstructure, hardness and impact wear resistance performance. The as-cast microstructure of the casting infiltration coatings with Ni content less than 2.82 wt.% was a pearlite matrix with reticular eutectic M7C3 carbide, while the matrix of the coatings with 5.53 wt.% Ni showed austenite. The content of Ni had little effect on both the solidification behavior and the amount of eutectic M7C3. After heat treatment, the transformation of the matrix to martensite occurred, and the Rockwell hardness significantly increased. The proportion of the retained austenite in the casting infiltration coatings increased from 6.4 vol.% to 27.5 vol.% with increasing Ni content, resulting in a decrease in the hardness. Due to a better balance of the hardness and toughness, the casting infiltration coating with 1.53 wt.% Ni showed the best impact wear resistance performance.

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“…The matrix of the chilled areas consisted of martensite and retained metastable austenite, which contributed to an improved wear resistance [ 8 ]. Different techniques, such as surface doping in the mold [ 9 ], laser carburizing [ 10 ], and direct surface alloying through the deep laser beam melting of preliminary deposited carbides (Cr 3 C 2 , WC) [ 11 , 12 ], have been adopted to create the composite structure on GCI surface. Zhong et al [ 13 ] revealed the improvement of corrosion and wear characteristics of gray iron liner resulted from laser alloying by Ni-Cr powder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Microstructure, Tribological Characteristics, and Crack Behavior of a Chromium Carbide Coating Fabricated on Gray Cast Iron by Pulsed-Plasma Deposition

et al. 2021

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The structural and tribological properties of a protective high-chromium coating synthesized on gray cast iron by air pulse-plasma treatments were investigated. The coating was fabricated in an electrothermal axial plasma accelerator equipped with an expandable cathode made of white cast iron (2.3 wt.% C–27.4 wt.% Cr–3.1 wt.% Mn). Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, microhardness measurements, and tribological tests were conducted for coating characterizations. It was found that after ten plasma pulses (under a discharge voltage of 4 kV) and post-plasma heat treatment (two hours of holding at 950 °C and oil-quenching), a coating (thickness = 210–250 µm) consisting of 48 vol.% Cr-rich carbides (M7C3, M3C), 48 vol.% martensite, and 4 vol.% retained austenite was formed. The microhardness of the coating ranged between 980 and 1180 HV. The above processes caused a gradient in alloying elements in the coating and the substrate due to the counter diffusion of C, Cr, and Mn atoms during post-plasma heat treatments and led to the formation of a transitional layer and different structural zones in near-surface layers of cast iron. As compared to gray cast iron (non-heat-treated and heat-treated), the coating had 3.0–3.2 times higher abrasive wear resistance and 1.2–1208.8 times higher dry-sliding wear resistance (depending on the counter-body material). The coating manifested a tendency of solidification cracking caused by tensile stress due to the formation of a mostly austenitic structure with a lower specific volume. Cracks facilitated abrasive wear and promoted surface spalling under dry-sliding against the diamond cone.

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In-situ surface hardening of cast iron by surface layer metallurgy

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Microcracks Reduction in Laser Hardened Layers of Ductile Iron

Microcracks Reduction in Laser Hardened Layers of Ductile Iron

The Influence of Ni Content on the Microstructure and Impact Wear Resistance Performance of High-Chromium Casting Infiltration Coating

Evaluation of the Microstructure, Tribological Characteristics, and Crack Behavior of a Chromium Carbide Coating Fabricated on Gray Cast Iron by Pulsed-Plasma Deposition

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