In situ synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies of ciprofloxacin loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for the treatment of osteomyelitis

Abstract

Bioactive materials in combination with antibiotics are widely developed for the treatment of osteomyelitis which play a dual role: as bone substitutes at the affected site and as local drug delivery systems for antibiotic delivery. In the present study, a series of ciprofloxacin loaded hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles with sustained and prolonged release behavior has been synthesized by an in situ precipitation method. The amount of ciprofloxacin loaded on HA nanoparticles can be easily adjusted by changing the initial concentration during the synthesis. It was observed that as the loaded concentration of ciprofloxacin increases the release is sustained and prolonged. The in situ loading of ciprofloxacin onto HA nanoparticles does not significantly affect the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of HA whereas it provides antibacterial activity to HA against S. aureus and E. coli that causes osteomyelitis. Consequently synthesized ciprofloxacin loaded HA nanoparticles can be potential candidates for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Experimental studies on caffeine mediated synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods and their characterization

“…The intensity of the peak at 3242 cm −1 decreased after the heat treatment of the sample at 800°C for 3 h [29,30]. Besides, the weak peaks observed at 1419 and 1326 cm −1 attributed to the absorption bands of -CO , 3 2 signifying the existence of carbonate ions due to atmospheric CO 2 [31,32] . A weak band noticed at 2140 cm −1 in all the samples was assigned to (ѵ 3 ) asymmetric stretching of carbonate -CO , 3 2 ion impurity [5].…”

“…The XRD analysis shows that the HA nanorods fabricated using caffeine are highly crystalline in nature. A sharp, small peak noticed at 25.84 (2θ) indicates the (002) Miller's plane, which shows the nucleation of crystals initiated along the c-axis of the HA nanorods [32]. The existence of corresponding diffraction peaks at lattice planes (002), (211), (300) and (213) confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite with a hexagonal phase structure, which matched with the standard (JCPDS No.9-0432).…”

Eggshell derived mesoporous biphasic calcium phosphate for biomedical applications using rapid thermal processing

“…pH value of the medium increased for the samples C, F, and G up to 7 days due to the release of OHfrom the samples by dissolutions in the soaking medium. 43 EDX analysis showed that the mineral deposits that formed on samples were mainly composed of carbon (C), oxygen (O), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg). 37,52 3.6 | Bioactivity Figure 9 shows the SEM images of the surface of compacted samples (disk) after soaking in SBF for 21 days.…”

“…The bands observed at 875, 1424, and 1457 cm -1 correspond to B-type carbonate impurities and such carbonation was due to the reactive absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the sample during sample preparation. [42][43][44] The band at 1642 cm -1 is attributed to the ν 2 bending mode of the adsorbed H 2 O molecules. The broad band extending from 2500 to 3600 cm -1 is attributed to the ν 3 and ν 1 stretching modes of the adsorbed H 2 O molecules.…”

“…These results are in good agreement with the studies reported earlier. 43 EDX analysis showed that the mineral deposits that formed on samples were mainly composed of carbon (C), oxygen (O), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg). The elemental composition of all the samples as determined from EDX analysis is summarized in Table 3.…”