In Situ thickness measurements of chemical bath-deposited CdS

Effects of sulfurization and Cu/In ratio on the performance of the CuInS2solar cell

“…The details are shown elsewhere [35]. The CIS was immersed in a 10% KCN solution for 10 min for the removal of secondary CuS phase prior to the cell assembly.…”

“…The CBD process was is carried out at 65°C for 40 min. The details are shown elsewhere [35]. This was followed by the sputter deposition of a ZnO (100 nm thick) and then a AZO (500 nm) layers.…”

Progress in Polycrystalline Thin-Film Cu(In,Ga)Se2Solar Cells

“…Some studies have been conducted on the fundamental properties of CdS films deposited by an ammonia-free CBD process [247] and very few studies have used an ammoniafree buffer layer for the fabrication of a CIGS solar cell [248]. In a recent work, Mann et al [249] has also deposited CdS by CBD and used optical reflectance-based measurement of the growing film to determine in situ film thickness.…”

Electronic structure study of the CdS buffer layer in CIGS solar cells by X-ray absorption spectroscopy: Experiment and theory

“…CdS layers have previously been investigated by other techniques including XPS, X-ray emission spectrosocpy, optical absorption and reflectance techniques. [11][12][13][14][15] Here we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); XAS is an element-specific probe of the (partial) unoccupied electronic structure of a material, explored via core-level transitions, governed by the dipole selection rule, from which the atomic structure or chemistry can be inferred. [16] XAS has previously been applied to a wide range of sulfur materials.…”