In situ visualizing the interplay between the separator and potassium dendrite growth by synchrotron X-ray tomography

Ni, Ling; Osenberg, Markus; Liu, Haijun; Hilger, André; Chen, Libao; Zhou, Dong; Dong, Kang; Arlt, Tobias; Yao, Xiayin; Wang, Xiaogang; Chen, Yanan; Li, Yutao; Zhao, Kangning; Yang, Changchun; Manke, Ingo; Sun, Fu; Chen, Renjie

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105841

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…They are also not effective in blocking dendrites despite the high elastic modulus of glass. Facile dendrite growth occurs through the larger openings of the frits, without the need to mechanically “punch through” the structures . The Se- and SeS-based systems encounter analogous problems based on the inability of commercial separators to block polyselenide (PSe) crossover.…”

Section: Properties and Limitations Of Conventional Separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Multifunctional Separators: Stabilizing the Cathode and the Anode for Alkali (Li, Na, and K) Metal–Sulfur and Selenium Batteries

et al. 2022

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Alkali metal batteries based on lithium, sodium, and potassium anodes and sulfur-based cathodes are regarded as key for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy and potential cost effectiveness. However, metal−sulfur batteries remain challenged by several factors, including polysulfides' (PSs) dissolution, sluggish sulfur redox kinetics at the cathode, and metallic dendrite growth at the anode. Functional separators and interlayers are an innovative approach to remedying these drawbacks. Here we critically review the state-of-the-art in separators/interlayers for cathode and anode protection, covering the Li−S and the emerging Na−S and K−S systems. The approaches for improving electrochemical performance may be categorized as one or a combination of the following: Immobilization of polysulfides (cathode); catalyzing sulfur redox kinetics (cathode); introduction of protective layers to serve as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) (anode); and combined improvement in electrolyte wetting and homogenization of ion flux (anode and cathode). It is demonstrated that while the advances in Li−S are relatively mature, less progress has been made with Na−S and K−S due to the more challenging redox chemistry at the cathode and increased electrochemical instability at the anode. Throughout these sections there is a complementary discussion of functional separators for emerging alkali metal systems based on metal−selenium and the metal−selenium sulfide. The focus then shifts to interlayers and artificial SEI/cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers employed to stabilize solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) in metal−sulfur solid-state batteries (SSBs). The discussion of SSEs focuses on inorganic electrolytes based on Li-and Na-based oxides and sulfides but also touches on some hybrid systems with an inorganic matrix and a minority polymer phase. The review then moves to practical considerations for functional separators, including scaleup issues and Li−S technoeconomics. The review concludes with an outlook section, where we discuss emerging mechanics, spectroscopy, and advanced electron microscopy (e.g. cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryo-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB))-based approaches for analysis of functional separator structure−battery electrochemical performance interrelations. Throughout the review we identify the outstanding open scientific and technological questions while providing recommendations for future research topics.

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Section: Properties and Limitations Of Conventional Separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Multifunctional Separators: Stabilizing the Cathode and the Anode for Alkali (Li, Na, and K) Metal–Sulfur and Selenium Batteries

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, various synchronous X-ray imaging studies have been developed, providing a lot of insights into the chemical information, multidimensional morphology and surface/bulk structure of electrode materials for batteries, according to different imaging principles. [125][126][127][128][129] As shown in Fig. 17, from 1995 to 2021, publications and related citations increased year by year, which demonstrates that synchrotron-based material characterization technology for batteries has been attracting increasing attention.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of detecting imperceptible physical/chemical changes/reactions in lithium-ion batteries: a perspective

Zhao

Lam

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Section: Applications Of Synchrotron X‐ray Tomography For Battery Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Ni et al have used the in situ synchrotron X‐ray tomography technique to study the interfacial stability between K and different commercial separators in K symmetrical cells, as shown in Figure 15c. [ 178 ] Different deformation behaviors of the studied separators caused by the generation of K electrodepositions are noted. By providing direct visualization of the morphological evolvement of the separators in presence of K electrodeposits, the authors highlight the significance of the mechanical cohesion, porosity distribution and mechanical integrity of the separators in dictating the battery's overall performance.…”

Section: Applications Of Synchrotron X‐ray Tomography For Battery Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography for Rechargeable Battery Research: Fundamentals, Setups and Applications

Tang

Yang

et al. 2021

Small Methods

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Understanding the complicated interplay of the continuously evolving electrode materials in their inherent 3D states during the battery operating condition is of great importance for advancing rechargeable battery research. In this regard, the synchrotron X‐ray tomography technique, which enables non‐destructive, multi‐scale, and 3D imaging of a variety of electrode components before/during/after battery operation, becomes an essential tool to deepen this understanding. The past few years have witnessed an increasingly growing interest in applying this technique in battery research. Hence, it is time to not only summarize the already obtained battery‐related knowledge by using this technique, but also to present a fundamental elucidation of this technique to boost future studies in battery research. To this end, this review firstly introduces the fundamental principles and experimental setups of the synchrotron X‐ray tomography technique. After that, a user guide to its application in battery research and examples of its applications in research of various types of batteries are presented. The current review ends with a discussion of the future opportunities of this technique for next‐generation rechargeable batteries research. It is expected that this review can enhance the reader's understanding of the synchrotron X‐ray tomography technique and stimulate new ideas and opportunities in battery research.

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In situ visualizing the interplay between the separator and potassium dendrite growth by synchrotron X-ray tomography

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Review of Multifunctional Separators: Stabilizing the Cathode and the Anode for Alkali (Li, Na, and K) Metal–Sulfur and Selenium Batteries

Review of Multifunctional Separators: Stabilizing the Cathode and the Anode for Alkali (Li, Na, and K) Metal–Sulfur and Selenium Batteries

The significance of detecting imperceptible physical/chemical changes/reactions in lithium-ion batteries: a perspective

Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography for Rechargeable Battery Research: Fundamentals, Setups and Applications

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