In-spark-plug Sensor for Analyzing the Initial Flame and Its Structure in an SI Engine

Ikeda, Yuji; Nishiyama, Atsushi; Kawahara, Nobuyuki; Tomita, Eiji; Arimoto, Shin'ichi; Takeuchi, Akihiro

doi:10.4271/2005-01-0644

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows the measurement system and the engine specifications. The test engine we used was a four-stroke single-cylinder engine (bore diameter: 76 mm, stroke: 82.6 mm, displacement: 374.7 cc) [29]. Regular gasoline was used as fuel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fixing the incident energy at three times the breakdown threshold level secures and stabilizes the breakdown event. Before studying an actual gasoline engine configuration, equivalence ratio measurements were conducted using a Bunsen burner [29]. Figure 4 shows the LIBS spectrum of a propane-air mixture without flame conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cycle-resolved A/F measurements and feedback control can control the amount of fuel injected without airflow rate measurements [29]. Although the A/F can be estimated at the exhaust manifold with an O 2 sensor [30], the cycle-resolved A/F cannot be measured by such a sensor because its time response is too slow compared to the engine speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Cyclic Variation of the Air-to-Fuel Ratio of Exhaust Gas in an SI Engine by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Ikeda¹,

Kawahara

2022

Energies

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Temporally and spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to a four-stroke, single-cylinder test engine’s cyclic exhaust gas to demonstrate engine performance. The LIBS technique provided quantitative air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) measurements by generating localized breakdown plasma during the compression and exhaust strokes. The results showed that the timing and duration settings of the emission energy ionization and molecular spectra affect the intensity peaks. Optimum measurements performed between 200 ns and 10 ms after breakdown resulted in observed atomic spectra of CI (248 nm), Hβ (485 nm), Hα (656 nm), NI (745, 824 nm), and OI (777, 844 nm). The intensities of CI (248 nm) and Hα (656 nm) decreased with increasing A/F, whereas the intensity ratios of NI and OI remained constant. A decrease in the intensity ratio of C/O and Hα/O was observed as the A/F increased. This study is a major step toward defining a means of using LIBS to control the A/F ratio in gasoline engines by focusing on the exhaust gas rather than the flame.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Cyclic Variation of the Air-to-Fuel Ratio of Exhaust Gas in an SI Engine by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Ikeda¹,

Kawahara

2022

Energies

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“…Many applications of these methods to combustion diagnostics have been reported. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Although the spark plug-type sensors do not need any engine modification and easy to use, the region of observation or measurement is generally very small and its location is spatially limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation for reducing combustion instability under cold-start condition of a direct injection gasoline engine

Kimura

Mori

Kawauchi

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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In order to meet recent stringent emission regulations, the exhaust catalyst should be heated as early as possible to activate the purifying reactions. In a direct injection spark-ignition engine, a combination of late fuel injection during the compression stroke and late ignition in the expansion stroke is a common strategy to quickly raise exhaust gas temperature for subsequent rapid activation of exhaust catalysts. However, this approach under cold start-up of an engine often results in incomplete and unstable combustion. In this study, to explore the conditions of stable ignition and combustion, the effect of injection timing on indicated mean effective pressure and early combustion duration (MBD0.5) are first investigated by an analysis of the pressure indicator diagram. As this analysis shows a strong correlation between indicated mean effective pressure and MBD0.5, the mechanism of initial flame propagation is investigated intensively using optical diagnostics. Namely, mean equivalence ratio of mixtures in the propagating flame front is measured by focusing on the ratio of C 2 * to CH* emission intensities. The flow velocity and turbulence intensity around the spark electrode are measured by the back-scattering laser Doppler anemometry. Two major conclusions are derived from this study: First, when the injection timing is retarded, the mean equivalence ratio increases as the time for the injected fuel to travel and diffuse is shortened. The most preferable mean equivalence ratio for fast initial combustion is found to lie in a range from 1.2 to 1.4. Second, when the second injection timing is retarded further, the mean equivalence ratio increases exceeding 1.4, and this results in slower and more fluctuated initial flame propagation. But, if the turbulent intensity is increased by means of the spray induced air motion, the slowed initial combustion can be recovered.

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“…We haye developed a Cassegrain sensor system to measure the local equivalence ratio, fiame front structure, and cyclic variation in a gasoline engine. This system uses a small Cassegrain optics system that is installed in a practical gasoline engine in place of a pressure transducer [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The initial stage of combustion and its variation have been examined using the optical sensor, and the air fuel ratio (AIF) has been estimated for each cycle in spark-ignition (SI) engines. In this study, we applied The purpose of this paper is to measure locallyspatially resolved fiame structure of HSDI diesel engine at practical operating condition, and understand flame characteristics for different engine load in comparison with the common measurement and analysis ofpressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MD1-2: Cycle-resolved flame characteristics measurement with soot in a HSDI diesel engine using micro-Cassegrain system(MD: Measurement and Diagnostics,General Session Papers)

Jeong

Ikeda

Nishiyama

et al. 2008

COMODIA

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In order to reduce emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides by diesel engines, it is very important to understand the physics and chemistry of spray combustion in a real engine. However, most research into the characteristics of diesel spray combustion has used a constant volume combustion charnber or an optical access engine.This paper diescribes the combustion eharacteristics obtained using a micro-Cassegrain sensor and discusses how the sensor ean be used to direetly sense the flame characteristics for future control of diesel combustion.We connected a chemiluminescence sensor to a production diesel engine for various loads, engine speeds, and in.iection modes. The flame chemiluminescence of OH*, CH", and C2" band and narrow band spectra intensity at 650 and 850 nm were measured using a new micro-Cassegrain sensor.The cylinder pressure and irijection timing were also acquired simultaneously. We investigated the relationship between the radicai intensities and tlame characteristics and found that the intensities ef the radical spectrum in a eycle changed with the load. We also demonstrated differences in the radicai intensity ratios.

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In-spark-plug Sensor for Analyzing the Initial Flame and Its Structure in an SI Engine

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement of Cyclic Variation of the Air-to-Fuel Ratio of Exhaust Gas in an SI Engine by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Measurement of Cyclic Variation of the Air-to-Fuel Ratio of Exhaust Gas in an SI Engine by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

An investigation for reducing combustion instability under cold-start condition of a direct injection gasoline engine

MD1-2: Cycle-resolved flame characteristics measurement with soot in a HSDI diesel engine using micro-Cassegrain system(MD: Measurement and Diagnostics,General Session Papers)

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